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fanciful
【fænsifəl】
英：
美：
adj.
想像的, 奇怪的, 稀奇的
副词:
fancifully
名词:
fancifulness
thing see care ostentatious idea visualize for preference reckon flowery take to decorative fondness imagination elaborate imagine castle in the air love exclusive pretentious realize prefer delusion upmarket want desire adore favor presume envision fussy phantasy vapor ornate envisage harbor thirst conceive go for fantasy will conceit romance visualise hope notion figure care for be attracted to caprice dream picture partiality illusion wish adorned frilly like image project suppose impulse whim daydream think expensive enjoy
plain
1 、"Phut " , stood in front of her so brilliant that exceed
fanciful
prince, she falls in love at first sight the ground is looking at him.───“砰”一声，在她前面站了一位英俊得超乎想像的王子，她一见钟情地望着他。
2 、But they played very well and give me and Anny many
fanciful
and interesting ideas.───之前采访了一个做纸艺的女孩，也即将离开学校，她十分不舍“同学”这个称谓。
3 、Pardonable also, this follows ocean namely originally, with blue sky, the world of as pure as nature freedom, the child can open
fanciful
wing here, without any fetter.───也难怪，这本来就是一个跟海洋、跟蓝天、跟大自然一样纯净自由的世界，孩子可以在这里张开想像的翅膀，没有任何羁绊。
4 、Icon Processor is a goodie for icon lovers or those who adorn their desktops and Explorer with
fanciful
little graphics.───Icon Processor 可以转换BMP, JPEG, GIF, PNG, PSD, WMF, PCX, TIFF 和 CUR格式为方案Windows操作系统图标。
5 、But all of this is a fancy, a dream.─── 但所有这些只是一个幻想 一个梦
6 、You done went up north and got your college degree, your fancy cars, and your fancy suits.─── 你去北方拿了个大学文凭 开一辆好车 穿一身靓衣
7 、unrealistic notions;
fanciful
ideas───不切实际的幻想
8 、You are never
fanciful
, my dear.───亲爱的，你一点儿也不怪僻。
9 、Your idea is rather
fanciful
.───你的想法颇为虚悬。
10 、I dont have a fancy camera, or fancy special effects, or a fancy cameraman.─── 我可没有昂贵的摄像机 也不会做精美特效 也没有厉害的摄影师
11 、"By no means, madame; the
fanciful
exists no longer in the East───“决不是这样的，夫人，东方已不再有那种异想天开的事情了。
12 、It will be found, in fact, that the ingenious are always
fanciful
, and the truly imaginative never less than analytic.───人们将发现,实际上真正的天才总有天马行空般的想像力;而真正有想像力的人分析起问题来也永远不会缺乏条理。
13 、Russian-born artist noted for his dreamlike,
fanciful
imagery and brilliantly colored canvases. Among his works are two huge murals designed for the New York City Metropolitan Opera House(1966).───夏加尔，马克1887－1985俄裔画家，以其梦幻式、奇特的意象且色彩亮丽的帆布油画闻名。其作品中有两幅为纽约市都市歌剧院设计（1966年）的大型油画。
14 、That may be reasonable in theory but it sounds
fanciful
in practice.───从理论上看这是说得过去的，可实际上却有点异想天开。
15 、An intricate, delicate, or
fanciful
ornamentation.───复杂而精致奇特的装饰
16 、But inwardly, inside the skin as it were, we try to identify ourselves with the past, with tradition, with some
fanciful
romantic image, a symbol much cherished.───但是，内在地，我们总试图让自己归属于过去，传统，某些奇特的浪漫形象，或者珍视的一种象征。
17 、FOR anyone with memories of the economic crises of the past 25 years, recent talk of emerging markets as the new safe havens of the financial world might seem, at best, a little
fanciful
.───任何一个人，只要他对过去25年间的经济危机仍然记忆犹新，那么对于最近有关新兴市场就是金融世界的新避难所的说法，他会认为有些异想天开了。
18 、In particular they sought a
fanciful
substance called "the elixir of life", a powerful medicine which was to cure all illness, and which some people thought would turn out to be the same substance as "the philosophers stone".───他们特别是要寻求一种名为“长生不老”的奇异物质，一种能治百病的灵丹妙药，而且有些人认为事实将证明这种灵丹妙药和“哲人之石”是同一种物质。
19 、Now some fat pig has his ass plopped in his fancy chair and his fancy table.─── 现在那些肥猪把* 坐在了他家的豪华桌椅上
20 、Their interpretations are often
fanciful
.───他们的解释有时是富于假想的。
21 、Elaborate castles and
fanciful
creatures grace Floridas Bradenton Beach during a sand-sculpting competition.───在一次沙雕比赛中，精致的城堡和奇幻的生物把佛罗里达州的布莱登顿海滩变得美丽无比。
22 、not actually such; being or seeming
fanciful
or imaginary───不真实的；是或似乎是想象虚构出来的
23 、On Conception of the Novel in the Early Tang Dynasty and Contemporary Fanciful Literature in China───中国当代幻想文学与先唐**的幻想观念
24 、In the design of a modern business card, with its developed professional conventions, one can still detect the two conflicting approaches, the
fanciful
and the functional.───在现代名片设计中，随着其职业协定的发展，人们仍然可以察觉到互相矛盾的两个方面：装饰性与功能性。
25 、Created by or as if by a wildly
fanciful
imagination; highly improbable.───大胆虚构或异想天开的；非常不可能的
26 、But talk of peace and reconciliation is just
fanciful
and theoretical unless we are prepared to undergo such a revolution.───不过除非我们愿意经历这种巨变，否则谈论和平与和解不过是臆想和空谈。
27 、The maps sketched by this new generation of cartographers range from the useful to the
fanciful
and from the simple to the elaborate.───在地图上勾勒出新一代有文化,从有用的臆测,从简单以精心设计的。
28 、"My dear Maximilian, you are really too
fanciful
;you will not love even me long.───“我们刚才谈了一番心事，”瓦朗蒂娜答道。
29 、He would invent
fanciful
names on the spot.───他会当场想出些稀奇古怪的名子。
30 、You can
fanciful
putting up a classroom be what make a noise?───你能想像的出教室是多么的吵吗?
31 、
fanciful
idea or desire;whim───奇异的念头或兴致;奇想
32 、He had a
fanciful
idea about crossing the Pacific in a barrel.───他有个坐在木桶里横渡太平洋假想的点子。
33 、The floors were laid in
fanciful
figures wrought in mosaics of many-coloured marbles.───地上都有五彩云石镶嵌的怪兽异禽。
34 、Ordinary folks in solid earthly pleasures rejoice/In
fanciful
dreams King Xiang alone lost himself.───“微生尽恋人间乐/只有襄王忆梦中。”
35 、He woould invent
fanciful
names on the spot.───他会当场编出好多希奇古怪的名字。
36 、” Others say the threat is
fanciful
.───但其他人说这样看伊斯兰教徒有点杞人忧天。
37 、A condors-eye view reveals a colorful mosaic of smoldering volcanoes, gleaming tin and tile roofs, and
fanciful
flamingos.───像秃鹰一样翱翔在南美上空,鸟瞰烟雾笼罩的火山,闪闪发光的铁皮屋顶还有,稀奇的火烈鸟，一幅五光十色壮观的自然画卷。
38 、But his book will provide a valuable corrective to the more
fanciful
outpourings of Bolivarianism which can be expected in the bicentennial junketing.───但他的书却给那些对“波利瓦拉主义”过于异想天开的描述提供了一个修正，这也是这场持续两百年的盛宴中很值得期待的事情。
39 、I suppose a fancy restaurant like this is too fancy for a common man such as yourself.─── 我觉得这么豪华的餐厅 不适合你这样的小*丝
40 、A
fanciful
mind.───充满幻想的头脑
41 、A style of painting, sculpture, and ornamentation in which natural forms and monstrous figures are intertwined in bizarre or
fanciful
combinations.───奇异风格，形状怪诞的图案一种自然的形式和奇异的图形以一种奇异或古怪的方式结合在一起的绘画雕塑和装饰风格
42 、Mingfeng luxuriated in
fanciful
imagination: She wore pretty clothing; she had parents who loved and cherished her; she was admired by handsome young gentlemen.───于是她就沉溺在幻想里，想象着自己穿上漂亮的衣服，享受父母的宠爱，受到少爷们的崇拜。
43 、He already is to be a technologys turn to have applied for a patent ", this technology can bring along the business machine having no way to
fanciful
".───他已经为该技术申请了专利，“这个技术可以带来无法想像的商机。”
44 、Dilbert is one of your favorite favorite, with its vivid, though
fanciful
, portrayal of the workplace.───“呆伯特”是你的最爱之一，动画中对他公司的描述虽然很怪异却很生动。
45 、Russian - born artist noted for his dreamlike,
fanciful
imagery and brilliantly colored canvases.Among his works are two huge murals designed for the New York City Metropolitan Opera House(1966.───夏加尔，马克1887－1985俄裔画家，以其梦幻式、奇特的意象且色彩亮丽的帆布油画闻名。其作品中有两幅为纽约市都市歌剧院设计（1966年）的大型油画
46 、He had such a
fanciful
, pictorial way of saying things.───他有一种隐晦曲折、光怪陆离的表达方式。
47 、I Like thinking quietly, making myself down-to-earth, as so many ordinary girls, I have lot of
fanciful
dreams.───喜欢静静地思考，踏实地做人，像所有普通女孩子一样，有许多美好的梦想！
48 、not actually such; being or seeming
fanciful
or imaginary.───不真实的；是或似乎是想象虚构出来的。
49 、At her place, she was trying on fancy clothes, fancy shoes.─── 在她家 她试了一些高档衣服和鞋
50 、A style of painting, sculpture, and ornamentation in which natural forms and monstrous figures are intertwined in bizarreor
fanciful
combinations.───奇异风格,形状怪诞的图案一种自然的形式和奇异的图形以一种奇异或古怪的方式结合在一起的绘画雕塑和装饰风格。
51 、As other teams have found, whatever hopes Turkey had of intimidating a player who comes from a family of boxers and sparred in his youth proved
fanciful
.───其他球队发现，不管土耳其怎样威胁一个生于拳击家庭球员都是徒劳的。
52 、You fancy each other, then you dont.─── 小孩会彼此喜欢 然后又不喜欢了
53 、Its got two sleeves and it has a, a fancy hole to put your fancy head through.─── 它有两个衣袖 而且还有个高大上的洞 你高大上的头可以从中穿过来
54 、No doubt you will think me
fanciful
.───不消说，你会当我异想天开。
55 、But it is not
fanciful
to imagine peer-to-peer networking among large investors developing to the degree that such trading starts to lead rather than follow share price movements.───但是，试想大型投资者之间的点对点网络交易发展到这样的程度，以至于这种交易开始引导而不是跟随股价走势，这一想法并不匪夷所思。
56 、as it was a festival day the peasants decked out their houses in
fanciful
colours───因为那天是节日，农民们用五颜六色的饰品把房屋打扮起来。
57 、They decked out their room in
fanciful
colors.───他们把房间装饰得五颜六色。
58 、a
fanciful
mind; all the notional vagaries of childhood.───充满幻想的头脑；所有童年的幻想。
59 、The picture above depicts a "photonic micropolis," a rather
fanciful
collage of many different photonic crystal devices.───上图展示的是“光子微域”，是由许多不同的光子晶体图案拼接而成，相当具有幻想色彩。
60 、But suggestions that China will overtake American primacy are
fanciful
.───但它无力超越狭窄的地理限制投放力量。
61 、Still, the presence of Monte Cristo at such an hour, his mysterious,
fanciful
, and extraordinary entrance into her room through the wall, might well seem impossibilities to her shattered reason.───基督山在这时出现，而且是透过墙壁走进她的房间，对神志恍惚的瓦朗蒂娜来说，更是难以置信。
62 、Even fashion editors who tout coutures more
fanciful
currents on the pages of their magazines venerate Sander.───即使是在自己杂志上大力吹捧更奇巧的服装设计风潮的时装编辑，也尊敬桑德这位时装设计大师。
63 、And hed show up every year in hishis fancy car, wearing his fancy watch, spend ten minutes with us and pose for a photo so hed get his name in the papers.─── 他每年都会开着豪车来到这里 带着名牌表 和我们一起待个十分钟 拍个照片 好让自己上回头条
64 、But most business-minded observers think such plans
fanciful
, like the models of Juba skyscrapers in government offices.───但是最具经营头脑的观察家认为，这些计划又如空中楼阁，又如政府办公楼里摆放的一些朱巴摩天大厦的模型。
65 、Fanciful? Certainly, and it has been imagined before. But in volatile times, imaginings sometimes come true.───天方夜谈?当然，以前一直是在想象中的场景。但是，在动荡不安的时局下，有时想象也能成为现实。
66 、Thus, until well into the 19th century, medical authorities entertained various
fanciful
theories about conception and pregnancy that had little to do with the truth as it finally emerged.───因而，直到19世纪逝去好久了，医学权威们尽管对**和妊娠怀有各种各样的富有幻想的推测，但是对于其最终大白于天下的真相仍然知之甚少。
67 、The purpose of buying such tickets is to materialize their colorful and
fanciful
dreams.───买**的目的是为了实现他们各式各样的发财梦。
68 、In the modern business card design, with its developed professional conventions, one can yet detect the two conflicting approaches, the
fanciful
and the functional one.───在现代名片设计中，随着其事业协定的进展，大部分人仍然没去外国疑问察觉到互相矛盾的两个方面：装饰性与功能性。
69 、"My dear Maximilian, you are really too
fanciful
; you will not love even me long.───“我亲爱的马西米兰，你真的太喜欢幻想了，你不会爱我很长久的。
70 、Gegege no Kitaro 2: 1000 Year Old Cursed Song), again directed by Motoki Katsuhide, followed quickly in 2008, set in the same
fanciful
world populated by yokai, demon spirits with supernatural powers.───在鬼太郎和同伴的追查后，发现原来是由一只经过千年封印后苏醒的恶魔作怪。
71 、Why arent we tired of something so
fanciful
,───为什么我们对这些虚无缥纱的故事乐此不彼呢，
72 、An exception is Sunday, Old Russia (1904) where Kandinsky recreates a highly colorful (and
fanciful
) view of peasants and nobles before the walls of a town.───一个例外是星期天，老俄罗斯（1904年）在康定斯基再现一个高度丰富多彩（和幻想）鉴于农民和贵族的墙壁前的一个小镇。
73 、1.unrealistic; impractical;
fanciful
; illusory; quixotical; 2.outside the limits of the practical───不实际
74 、The Times, Matt Dickinson : “The idea that his team might be rattled by the raucousness of a febrile occasion had seemed
fanciful
, but something made Chelsea unusually subdued in the first 30 minutes.───“狂热的主场气氛可能让穆里尼奥的队伍感到不安，这样的想法看来有些异想天开，但的的确确有什么东西使得切尔西的前30分钟不同寻常的疲软。
75 、Still, because homeowners don’t receive margin calls, it makes it easier to procrastinate over selling and to entertain
fanciful
ideas about your home’s value.───不过，由于房屋所有者不会收到追加保证金的要求，他们在卖出房屋时可能更容易拖延，也会对房屋的价值抱有一些不切实际的想法。
76 、So it probably pays not to be too
fanciful
when designing your avatar.───因此也许你在设计你的虚拟化身的时候不要设计得太奇怪会有好处。
77 、His composition abound in Etudes, Poetic Studies, Nocturnes, and Preludes, telling some
fanciful
story, fantasies giving free reign to his poetic thought, and also the dance forms.───他的作品包括大量练习曲，音诗研究【3】，夜曲，前奏曲，讲述离奇故事的叙事曲，自由支配诗意的幻想曲，也有一些舞曲。
78 、Okay, so... lady puts on a fancy dress, goes to a fancy party out at sea, fancy boat.─── 好的 这位女士精心打扮 去参加一场盛大的豪华游轮聚会
79 、In Florence XXX found the ideal terrain to develop his
fanciful
inventiveness and build on the contemporary myth of the Renaissance workshop, the place where artists were trained, where ideas were born, where masterpieces were created.───佛洛伦萨，这座孕育艺术家们成长、创意和灵感迸发交汇、无数杰作诞生的城市，为XXX提供了一方理想的天地，施展自己奇异非凡的创造力、缔造这座文艺复兴之城的当代传奇。
80 、a
fanciful
mind; all the notional vagaries of childhood───充满幻想的头脑；所有童年的幻想
81 、He is a
fanciful
writer.───他是个富於幻想的作家。
82 、They offered a reasoned approach in place of the
fanciful
and uncritical accounts of the poets.───他们用合理化的解释来代替诗人的想象和不加分析的传说。
83 、a
fanciful
pattern with intertwined vines and flowers.───一幅藤、花缠绕的奇异图案。
84 、Mobility may be thought of in more than a
fanciful
sense, as the "pulse of the community."───可以用一个更形象化的概念把流动想象成“社区的脉搏”。
85 、I soon observed that all these authors nearly always contradicted each other, and I conceived the
fanciful
idea of reconciling them, which fatigued me greatly, and made me lose considerable time.───不久以后，我发现所有这些作者几乎总是相互否定，我构思着，想要把他们的思想统一，好玄没把我给累死！而且浪费了我相当多的时间。
86 、You believe in god, so that belief gives you a certain security, and tomorrow you will still believe in god whether it is illusory or
fanciful
or nonsensical.───你相信上帝，那信念给你某种安全感，明天你还会继续相信上帝，不管它是不是虚幻的或者假想出来的或者荒谬的。
87 、Children are very
fanciful
.───儿童都很富於幻想.
88 、But the governments hopes that it would grow this year by 9% look
fanciful
;the real rate may be closer to 4%.───但是政府希望今年9%的增长率看起来有点儿不切实际，4%倒是有可能。
89 、Though admittedly wild and
fanciful
, the ghost stories of the Liao Zhai Zhi Yi have a beauty that has captivated countless readers over the years.───《聊斋志异》所记鬼怪故事诚属荒诞不经，然而却能引人入胜，多年来为无数读者所喜爱。
90 、Wildean language is lofty, graceful, formal, rhetorically polished and sometimes full of humorous and
fanciful
expressions.───唯美原则、快乐原则、艺术无功利等都在该剧中得到了完美的体现。
有没有人有关于英国浪漫派诗人的一些资料，最好是英文的
给你发来微软百科的说明.
Romanticism (literature)
I INTRODUCTION
Romanticism (literature), a movement in the literature of virtually every country of Europe, the United States, and Latin America that lasted from about 1750 to about 1870, characterized by reliance on the imagination and subjectivity of approach, freedom of thought and expression, and an idealization of nature. The term romantic first appeared in 18th-century English and originally meant “romancelike”—that is, resembling the fanciful character of medieval romances.
II ORIGINS AND INSPIRATION
By the late 18th century in France and Germany, literary taste began to turn from classical and neoclassical conventions (see Classic, Classical, and Classicism). Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought, French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau and German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
A The Romantic Spirit
Rousseau established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.” Goethe and his compatriots, philosopher and critic Johann Gottfried von Herder and historian Justus Möser, provided more formal precepts and collaborated on a group of essays entitled Von deutscher Art und Kunst (Of German Style and Art, 1773). In this work the authors extolled the romantic spirit as manifested in German folk songs, Gothic architecture, and the plays of English playwright William Shakespeare. Goethe sought to imitate Shakespeares free and untrammeled style in his Götz von Berlichingen (1773; translated 1799), a historical drama about a 16th-century robber knight. The play, which justifies revolt against political authority, inaugurated the Sturm und Drang (storm and stress) movement, a forerunner of German romanticism. Goethes novel The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774; translated 1779) was also in this tradition. One of the great influential documents of romanticism, this work exalts sentiment, even to the point of justifying committing suicide because of unrequited love. The book set a tone and mood much copied by the romantics in their works and often in their personal lives: a fashionable tendency to frenzy, melancholy, world-weariness, and even self-destruction.
B The Romantic Style
The preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads (1800), by English poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge was also of prime importance as a manifesto of literary romanticism. Here, the two poets affirmed the importance of feeling and imagination to poetic creation and disclaimed conventional literary forms and subjects. Thus, as romantic literature everywhere developed, imagination was praised over reason, emotions over logic, and intuition over science—making way for a vast body of literature of great sensibility and passion. This literature emphasized a new flexibility of form adapted to varying content, encouraged the development of complex and fast-moving plots, and allowed mixed genres (tragicomedy and the mingling of the grotesque and the sublime) and freer style.
No longer tolerated, for example, were the fixed classical conventions, such as the famous three unities (time, place, and action) of tragedy. An increasing demand for spontaneity and lyricism—qualities that the adherents of romanticism found in folk poetry and in medieval romance—led to a rejection of regular meters, strict forms, and other conventions of the classical tradition. In English poetry, for example, blank verse largely superseded the rhymed couplet that dominated 18th-century poetry. The opening lines of the swashbuckling melodrama Hernani (1830; translated 1830), by the great French romantic writer Victor Hugo, are a departure from the conventional 18th-century rules of French versification; and in the preface to his drama Cromwell (1827; translated 1896), a famous critical document in its own right, Hugo not only defended his break from traditional dramatic structure but also justified the introduction of the grotesque into art. In their choice of heroes, also, the romantic writers replaced the static universal types of classical 18th-century literature with more complex, idiosyncratic characters; and a great deal of drama, fiction, and poetry was devoted to a celebration of Rousseaus “common man.”
III THE GREAT ROMANTIC THEMES
As the romantic movement spread from France and Germany to England and then to the rest of Europe and across to the western hemisphere, certain themes and moods, often intertwined, became the concern of almost all 19th-century writers.
A Libertarianism
Many of the libertarian (see Libertarianism) and abolitionist movements of the late 18th and early 19th centuries were engendered by the romantic philosophy—the desire to be free of convention and tyranny, and the new emphasis on the rights and dignity of the individual. Just as the insistence on rational, formal, and conventional subject matter that had typified neoclassicism was reversed, the authoritarian regimes that had encouraged and sustained neoclassicism in the arts were inevitably subjected to popular revolutions. Political and social causes became dominant themes in romantic poetry and prose throughout the Western world, producing many vital human documents that are still pertinent. The year 1848, in which Europe was wracked by political upheaval, marked the flood tide of romanticism in Italy, Austria, Germany, and France.
In William Tell (1804; translated 1825), by German dramatist Friedrich von Schiller, an obscure medieval mountaineer becomes an immortal symbol of opposition to tyranny and foreign rule. In the novel The Betrothed (1825-1827; translated 1834), by Italian writer Alessandro Manzoni, a peasant couple become instruments in the final crushing of feudalism in northern Italy. Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, who for some most typify the romantic poet (in their personal lives as well as in their work), wrote resoundingly in protest against social and political wrongs and in defense of the struggles for liberty in Italy and Greece. Russian poet Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, whose admiration for the work of Byron is clearly manifested, attracted notoriety for his “Ode to Liberty” (1820); like many other romanticists, he was persecuted for political subversion.
The general romantic dissatisfaction with the organization of society was often channeled into specific criticism of urban society. La maison du berger (The Shepherds Hut, 1844), by French poet Alfred Victor de Vigny, expresses the view that such an abode has more nobility than a palace. Earlier, Rousseau had written that people were born free but that everywhere civilization put them in chains. This feeling of oppression was frequently expressed in poetry—for example, in the work of English visionary William Blake, writing in the poem “Milton” (about 1804-1808) of the “dark Satanic mills” that were beginning to deface the English countryside; or in Wordsworths long poem The Prelude (1850), which speaks of “... the close and overcrowded haunts/Of cities, where the human heart is sick.”
B Nature
Basic to such sentiments was an interest central to the romantic movement: the concern with nature and natural surroundings. Delight in unspoiled scenery and in the (presumably) innocent life of rural dwellers is perhaps first recognizable as a literary theme in such a work as “The Seasons” (1726-1730), by Scottish poet James Thomson. The work is commonly cited as a formative influence on later English romantic poetry and on the nature tradition represented in English literature, most notably by Wordsworth. Often combined with this feeling for rural life is a generalized romantic melancholy, a sense that change is imminent and that a way of life is being threatened. Such intimations were early evinced in “Ode to Evening” (1747) by William Collins, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” (1751) by Thomas Gray, and The Borough (1810) by George Crabbe. The melancholic strain later developed as a separate theme, as in “Ode on Melancholy” (1820) by John Keats, or—in a different time and place—in the works of American writers: the novels and tales of Nathaniel Hawthorne, which probe the depths of human nature in puritanical New England, or the macabre tales and melancholy poetry of Edgar Allan Poe.
In another vein in American literature, the romantic interest in untrammeled nature is found in such writers as Washington Irving, whose Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (1819-1820), a collection of descriptive stories about the Hudson River valley, reflects the authors knowledge of European folktales as well as contemporary romantic poetry and the Gothic novel. The Leather-Stocking Tales by James Fenimore Cooper celebrate the beauty of the American wilderness and the simple frontier life; in romantic fashion they also idealize the Native American as (in Rousseaus phrase) the “noble savage.” By the middle of the 19th century the nature tradition was absorbed by American literary transcendentalism, chiefly expressed in the essays of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.
C The Lure of the Exotic
In the spirit of their new freedom, romantic writers in all cultures expanded their imaginary horizons spatially and chronologically. They turned back to the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century) for themes and settings and chose locales ranging from the awesome Hebrides of the Ossianic tradition, as in the work of Scottish poet James MacPherson (see Ossian and Ossianic Ballads), to the Asian setting of Xanadu evoked by Coleridge in his unfinished lyric “Kubla Khan” (1797?). The compilation of old English and Scottish ballads by English poet Thomas Percy was a seminal work; his Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (1765) exerted a significant influence on the form and content of later romantic poetry. The nostalgia for the Gothic past mingled with the tendency to the melancholic and produced a fondness for ruins, graveyards, and the supernatural as themes. In English literature, representative works include Keatss “The Eve of St. Agnes,” the Gothic novels of Matthew Gregory Lewis, and The Castle of Otranto (1764) by Horace Walpole. The Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805), by Scottish writer Sir Walter Scott, and his historical novels, the Waverley series (1814-1825), combine these concerns: love of the picturesque, preoccupation with the heroic past, and delight in mystery and superstition.
D The Supernatural
The trend toward the irrational and the supernatural was an important component of English and German romantic literature. It was reinforced on the one hand by disillusion with 18th-century rationalism and on the other by the rediscovery of a body of older literature—folktales and ballads—collected by Percy and by German scholars Jacob and Wilhelm Karl Grimm (see Grimm Brothers) and Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen. From such material comes, for example, the motif of the doppelgänger (German for “double”). Many romantic writers, especially in Germany, were fascinated with this concept, perhaps because of the general romantic concern with self-identity. Poet Heinrich Heine wrote a lyric apocryphally titled “Der Doppelgänger” (1827; translated 1846); The Devils Elixir (1815-1816; translated 1824), a short novel by E. T. A. Hoffmann, is about a double; and Peter Schlemihls Remarkable Story (1814; translated 1927), by Adelbert von Chamisso, the tale of a man who sells his shadow to the devil, can be considered a variation on the theme. Later, Russian master Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky wrote his famous novel The Double (1846), an analysis of paranoia in a humble clerk.
IV DECLINE OF THE TRADITION
By about the middle of the 19th century, romanticism began to give way to new literary movements: the Parnassians and the symbolist movement in poetry, and realism and naturalism in prose.
See also American Literature: Poetry; American Literature: Prose; Brazilian Literature; Danish Literature; Dutch Literature; English Literature; French Literature; German Literature; Italian Literature; Latin American Literature; Polish Literature; Portuguese Literature; Russian Literature; Spanish Literature; Swedish Literature.
Contributed By:
Robert J. Clements
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2003. © 1993-2002 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
关于英文名词前后缀的问题
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