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　　by the end of last year

　　英：

　　美：

　　常用释义：

　　在去年年底之前：指在去年的最后一天或最后一段时间之前。

　　到去年年底

　　1、It was reported that another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing

　　by the end of last year

　　.───据报道，到去年年底又一个体育馆在北京竣工了。

　　2、end of last year, 11,000 jobs were created in the food and drinks industry.───去年年底，食品和饮料行业就创造了1.1万个工作岗位。

　　3、By the end of last year, he still had not paid off the debt.───到去年底，他还没还完债。

　　4、If

　　by the end of last year

　　you closed the door on many activities and said adieu to many people, that is how it was to be.───如果，去年年底之前，你停止了许多活动并与许多人告别，那都是过去的事情了。

　　5、end of last year more than 76m smart meters had been installed worldwide.───去年底，世界各地电网安装的智能电表已经超过了7600万块。

　　6、By the end of last year he seemed to be on a roll, with 77% of South Africans saying he was doing a good job.───截止去年末，他似乎进展不错，76%的南非人认为他做的好。

　　7、By the end of last year, the share had risen to 69%.───到去年年底，这一比例已经升至69%。

　　8、North Korea was to have accounted for all its nuclear holdings

　　by the end of last year

　　, but has yet to make that declaration.───北韩应该在去年年底之前明确说明其所有的核项目，不过平壤却至今尚未能做到这一点。

　　9、By the end of last year, she had been adopted by a doctor licensed all the necessary examinations.───到去年年底，她已经通过了获得医生执照所需的所有考试。

　　1、year by year───一年一年地; 年年; 逐年；逐年；年年

　　2、the end of───…的最后

　　3、the last of───最后的……

　　4、last year───去年; 上年; 去岁

　　5、one last year───去年有一次

　　6、the end───结束；结局，剧终

　　7、by the end of───到……结束时；到……时为止；在……之前；到…为止

　　8、by-end───n.次要目标；私心

　　9、of the year───年度最佳

　　by 加一段时间表明,到某个时间为止.翻译成中文就是“截止.”

　　如果后面是现在的时间或未来的时间,则用现在完成时,

　　如果后面是过去的时间,根据 过去的过去为过去完成时,则用过去完成时.