•
licorice
英:【ˈlɪkərɪs】美:【ˈlɪkərɪs, -ɪʃ】
英:
美:
n.
欧亚甘草;甘草精
1 、Simultaneous extraction and separation of liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, and glabridin from
licorice
were developed by liquidliquid extraction with liquid chromatography separation.───同时从甘草根液中提取分离苷,甘草酸,以及甘草黄酮的方法已经发展为萃取色谱分离法的液-液萃取术。
2 、INGREDIENTS:Snow Lotus Cohobation, Red MyrrhAlcohol, Natural Moistening Gene, HA, Licorice Essence, Camomile, Etc.─── 雪莲纯露、红没药醇、天然保湿因子、透明质酸、尿囊素、甘草精华、洋甘菊等。
3 、Raw fruit flavors of currant and blackberry with notes of pepper,
licorice
, leather and fresh herbs on the aromatic nose.───加仑子、黑莓等天然的水果口味与胡椒、甘草、皮革与新鲜的药草芬芳交织融合。
4 、There are much wild
licorice
root, dogbane, herba cistanches, matrimony vine and fenugreek, etc.───市域有丰富的野生甘草、罗布麻、大芸、枸杞、苦豆子等资源;
5 、Mouthfeel is fruity Gan Chun, contain fragrant fruit sweet, still give the sweet smell of Taffy of cinnamonic, butter and
licorice
fully.───口感圆润甘醇,带有馥郁的果香,还透出肉桂、奶油太妃糖和甘草的香味。
6 、Try some of my wifes catfish mousse and
licorice
,i want to see how much pain and risk you are able to tolerate.───尝尝我妻子做的鲶鱼奶油甜点和甘草砂锅,我想看看你能够忍受多大的痛苦和风险。
7 、Garlic with Licorice contains allicin that protects against harmful diseases and enhances immunity.The garlic is blended with
licorice
to further strengthen the bodys immune system.───健尔力香蒜甘草片内含蒜素,有助抵抗细菌,增强抵抗力,配合甘草精华,加强身体防御机制。
8 、The PDR for Herbal Medicines states that
licorice
is contraindicated (use is inadvisable) in people with chronic hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease, and cirrhosis.───国际医生手则(PDR)在草药部分规定,禁忌对患有慢性肝炎、胆汁淤积性肝病和肝硬化的人使用甘草。
9 、Make law use: Grind steatitic,
licorice
first end, take 10 grams every time, with cloth bag hind puts arenaceous bowl, decoct juice castration is wrapped, join rice to boil congee.───制法用法:先将滑石、甘草研末,每次取10克,用布包后放入砂锅,煎汁去药包,加入粳米煮粥。
10 、Good fruit with berry and
licorice
character. Medium to light bodied, with fine tannins and slightly leanfinish.───富含浆果和干草特点,中等偏淡的酒体,单宁柔顺,回味略淡。
11 、compound mixture of opium and
licorice
───【医】 复方【鸦片】甘草合剂, 棕色合剂
12 、She was a 10yearold child, loved
licorice
, wrote about it incessantly.─── 她是个十岁的小姑娘 挺喜欢甘草的 不厌其烦地写
13 、Primarily a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Shiraz, dense ruby/purple color along with a big,projected nose of underbrush, black currants, smoke, and
licorice
.───主要是赤霞珠,品丽珠和西拉的混合,深色玛瑙红。
14 、You can find it in oral supplements or topical lotions (unfortunately,
licorice
candy wont work).───在目前的口服辅助,或外用洗液中就有这种物质(不幸的是,甘草精糖果不起作用)。
15 、Medium-bodied dry red wine in dark ruby color.Aromas of cassis,
licorice
, vanilla and dried herbs.───中度酒体干红葡萄酒,深宝石红色泽,富有黑醋栗、甘草、香草和干香草气味。
16 、If you start itching, try
licorice
.───如果你开始感到痒,试一试甘草精。
17 、Ermao fur, black melon seeds, jujube, seaweed,
licorice
, and other products of good quality, long enjoyed a good reputation, there are broad prospects for development.───二毛裘皮、黑瓜子、大枣、发菜、甘草等土特产品质优良,久负盛名,具有广阔的开发前景。
18 、She tasted like
licorice
sweet but with a bite.─── 她尝起来像甘草糖 很甜但有嚼劲
19 、I heard he tried to strangle her with some
licorice
rope.─── 我听说他想用甘草糖绳勒死她
20 、But now the Lop Nur is not entirely a barren land, where there is HU Yang, Apocynum,
licorice
growth, wild camel, red deer, wild boar and other animals.───不过现在的罗布泊也并非完全是一片不毛之地,这里有胡杨、罗布麻、甘草生长,还有野骆驼、马鹿、野猪等动物。
21 、Bouquet: Complex nose of ripe cherry, blackberry, and exotic notes of
licorice
and cedar.───味道:成熟的樱桃、黑莓的复杂香气及奇异的甘草和雪松的味道。
22 、Good fruit with berry and
licorice
character. Medium-to light-bodied, with fine tannins and a slightly lean finish.───商品描述:富含浆果和甘草特点,中等偏淡的酒体,单宁柔顺,回味略淡。
23 、Last time we had a cake in the shape of his head with a
licorice
rebar through it.─── 上次我们订的蛋糕 做了一个他钢筋穿头的模样
24 、Blackberry,
licorice
and tar follow through to a full-bodied palate, with firm, silky tannins and a medium berry and vanilla aftertaste.───入口后有黑莓,甘草和焦油的口味,坚定柔滑的单宁,余韵有浆果和香草味。
25 、In fact, if one kg mutton Add to 10 grams and the amount mirrin
licorice
, ginger cooking together, to be its Shan gas and mutton can maintain its flavor.───其实,一公斤羊肉若能放入10克甘草和适量料酒、生姜一起烹调,即能够去其膻气而又可保持其羊肉风味。
26 、Come on, this
licorice
is huge. Itll last forever.─── 這甘草糖好長啊 能繞地球好幾圈了
27 、Its ingredients include Xanthium fruit, magnolia flower, wild chrysanthemum and Chinese
licorice
root.───其成份包括苍耳子、木兰花、野菊花和甘草。
28 、Cold popular period may take the nepeta japonica, windproof, Cusae, the fresh
licorice
and so on traditional Chinese medicine which matches, reduces the morbidity opportunity.───感冒流行期间可服用荆芥、防风、板蓝根、生甘草等配成的中药,以减少发病机会。
29 、Most of this will fade with time, but cool liquids, pain pills and gluey herbs and foods like
licorice
or flaxseeds may bring relief.───大多数情况下,这些症状会随着时间慢慢的消失,但是冰的液体,止痛片和胶质的草药和食物,像欧亚甘草或亚麻籽都会舒缓症状。
30 、Aromatically intense with a mixture of leather,
licorice
and spices over a background of forest fruits (dark berries).───成熟的浆果香中混合中皮革,甘草和香辛料的味道。
31 、Palate: Licorice, berry and lead pencil, with flowers.Full-bodied, with fine tannins and a long finish.A very racy GPL.───口感:甘草,浆果香、铅笔和花香,酒体丰满,单宁恰倒好处,富于回味,充满活力。
32 、Ingredient: Licorice Extract, Soothing Factor, Chamomile, Hamamelis, Aloe Extract, Permeating Ion Factor.───主要成份:甘草液、舒缓因子、洋甘菊、金缕梅、芦荟提取液、离子渗透因子。
33 、Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has always been a town
licorice
, salt pond in the middle, one mind, Lingwu, Ning and other places in the arid and semi-arid desert grassland and hilly areas.───宁夏历来是甘草之乡,产于盐池、同心、灵武、中宁等地的干旱、半干旱的荒漠草原和丘陵地带。
34 、Taishan which dangshen, astragalus,
licorice
, Polyporus, such as well-known V-ling.───其中台山党参、黄芪、甘草、猪苓、伏苓等很有名。
35 、Intense and pleasant aromas of
licorice
and wild red and blackberries fill the nose, with mineral undertones.───怡人的甘草、红黑酱果子香充斥了鼻子,带着点点矿物香。
36 、MAIN COMPOSITIONS: NATURAL HYALURONIC ACID, GRAPE POLYPHENOLS, BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII, HERBAL PROTEIN, LICORICE.───主要成份:葡萄多酚、乳木果油、植物蛋白、甘草精华、天然透明质酸。
37 、Main compositions: Grape Polyphenols, Extract of sweet tea, Licorice, Extremely pure nano VE, Active Hyaluronic Acid.───主要成份:葡萄多酚,甜茶萃取液、甘草精华、纳米极纯VE、活性透明度酸。
38 、If you are taking thiazide diuretics,
licorice
, or corticosteroids (Potassium loss may be aggravated with these drugs).───如你正在服用噻嗪类利尿剂、甘草或皮质甾类药物,可能由于这些药物导致钾元素流失的加速。
39 、The nose is alive with aromas of Turkish delight, spice, cloves, raspberry,
licorice
and a hint of dried herbs.───充满迷人且丰富的芳香,蕴含土耳其软糖的甜蜜,丁香等各种香草的独特香气。
40 、Main compositions: Extract of grape pip , Cornflower, Thermal water extract, protein complex, Licorice, VA acid.───主要成份:葡萄籽精华、温泉水精华、蛋白复合物、矢车菊精华、甘草精华、VA酸。
41 、China was the great storehouse of things the world wanted: tea, silk,
licorice
, and the hand-woven cotton which was so much superior to the hand-woven fabrics of other countries.───中国是个大商店,拥有许多全世界都想要的商品:茶叶、丝、甘草与其他国家所比不上的手工棉织品。
42 、Its also why were eating
licorice
for breakfast.─── 这也是我们早餐吃甘草糖的原因
43 、Garlic and
licorice
can enhance immunity and cardiovascular health.───含蒜素及甘草成份,能增强身体抵抗力,保持心血管健康。
44 、Among them, in order to ephedra,
licorice
for more than a higher value.───其中,以麻黄、甘草为多,利用价值较高。
45 、Functions and directions: Natural extracts from various freshly collected flowers, combining with
licorice
, can sooth skin damage caused by sunshine, repair tender skin, promote cell regeneration, smooth light lines, and care delicate skin.───功效及使用方法:采集新鲜天然的各种鲜花提取物,与甘草搭配能舒缓阳光带给肌肤的伤害,修护细嫩肌肤,促进细胞更新,平滑细纹,呵护娇嫩肌肤。
46 、Ingredient: Vitamin B5、Hyaluronic、Lavender Oil、Arbutin、Licorice、Seaweed Essence、Oxygen Bio Water、etc.───成份:维他命B5、薰衣草香薰油、熊果苷、海藻精华、活泉水等。
47 、Ingredient: Licorice Extract, Allantoin, Immune Polysaccharides, Chamomile.───主要成份:甘草精、尿囊素、免疫多糖、洋甘菊等。
48 、Ingredients: Aloe, chamomile,
licorice
extract, Melissa, Vitamin F, rose extract and immunepo lysaccharide cellular stimulator.───成份:芦荟、洋甘菊、甘草提取精华、香蜂草、维他命F、玫瑰精华、免疫多糖细胞激活剂。
49 、Main composition :Licorice , Berberine , Hamamelideae , Ampelopsis , etc.───主要成份:甘草、黄莲、金缕梅、白蔹等。
50 、Cinnamon Bark, Ginger Root, Natural Peach Flavor, Licorice Root, Orange Peel, Parsley Leaf, Fo-Ti Root, Cornsilk Stamens, Bilberry Leaf, Cardamom Seed, Clove Bud and Black Pepper.───含有多种天然植物叶,根(甘草,姜,肉桂,茴香等等)。帮助人体解毒,增加抵抗力。
51 、Medicines categories: the Tianshan snow lotus, Cistanche (large-yun),
licorice
, Apocynum, Rose essential oil.───7.药材类:天山雪莲、肉苁蓉(大芸)、甘草、罗布麻、玫瑰花精油。
52 、Soft and seductive with cherry and
licorice
characteristics discernable in the flavors.───优雅而柔和的樱桃、甘草和黑皮果实口感十分诱人。
53 、Licorice. I never much cared for em before.─── 甘草糖 我之前一直不喜欢
54 、The method extracting Glycyrrhizin from
licorice
by using the extraction material of alcohol ammonia was introduced.───介绍了用氨性乙醇作提取剂,从甘草中提取甘草甜素的方法。
55 、Rhubarb root、Chastetree fruit、Chrysanthemum flower、Coptis chinensis root、Angelica dong gui root、Platycodon grandiflori root、Ledebouriella sesloides root、Lovage、Licorice root.───大黄、蔓荆子、菊花、黄莲、当归、桔梗、防风、川芎、甘草。
56 、Main compositions: Pomegranate essence, Ivy vine, Mulberry tree extract, Licorice, Citrus paradise extract.───主要成份:红石榴素、常青藤、天然桑树萃取精华、甘草萃取液、葡萄柚精华。
57 、Main Ingredients:Hamamelis, chamomile,
licorice
extract, sea creature essence, biological essence, bio-enzyme, etc.───主要成份:含金缕酶、洋甘菊、甘草提取液、海洋生物精华、生物酶等。
58 、Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate the tea with substances, such as willow,
licorice
, and sole leaves.───参考译文:即使是**的茶叶也非常昂贵,因而利润特别高。**者们便用其他的东西往茶叶里掺假。
59 、Packet of Drooble`s and a Licorice Wand.───一包吹宝,还要一根甘草棒.
60 、Youre starting to think about the
licorice
again.─── 你又想吃甘草味儿的了对吧
61 、Jiuye deep red gem, full of red fruit and
licorice
aroma, smooth import balance, soft tannins, Heicu Li, the recollection of long red berries.───口感:深宝石红色的酒液,充满了红色水果及甘草的香味,入口顺滑平衡,单宁柔软,黑醋栗,红浆果的回味悠长。
62 、Licorice Good for Both Man and Beast───对人畜两利的甘草
63 、Relatively cold climate in northern mountainous areas, is Astragalus, Codonopsis, Licorice and other herbs suitable for cultivation.───北部山区气候相对冷凉,是黄芪、党参、甘草等药材的适宜栽培区。
64 、Relaxing Allergy &Shining Face Lotion(165ml) Ingredients: red myrrh alcohol, Natural moistening gene, HA,
licorice
essence, Camomile, etc.───主要成份:红没药醇、天然保湿因子、透明质酸、尿囊素、甘草精华、洋甘菊等。
65 、Extremely complex bouquet, with characteristic Sangiovese aromas of soft tobacco,
licorice
and cacao.───典型的桑吉奥维斯葡萄的香气伴随着烟草、欧亚甘草与可可的芳香。
66 、Muscular yet classy. Breathtaking aromas of black
licorice
, violets, berry and cherry, with light hints of spices and minerals. Its all there in the nose.───强劲却不失优雅。散发着令人惊叹的黑甘草,紫罗兰、浆果及樱桃的香气,伴随一丝香料及矿物味。
67 、North American plant similar to true
licorice
and having a root with similar properties.───北美植物,与真正的欧亚甘草相似,根也有相似的特性。
68 、Main compositions: Pomegranate essence, inerttype VC ramification, Licorice, unique factor, natural soap essence.───主要成份:红石榴素、安定型VC衍生物、甘草精华、特制因子、天然皂精华。
69 、MAIN COMPOSITIONS: POMEGRANATE ESSENCE, VC MUCOPOLYSAECCHARIDE, ARBUTIN, UNIQUE FACTOR, LICORICE, CITRUS PARADISE EXTRACT.───主要成份:红石榴素、VC粘多糖、熊果苷精华、特制因子、甘草萃取液、葡萄柚精华。
70 、Soft tannins structure combined with intense black currants, plum, ripe prune and
licorice
.───丹宁柔和配合浓郁的黑醋栗、李子、成熟蜜枣和甘草特性,令酒体更佳。
71 、INGREDIENT:
licorice
essence, coenzyme, ginseng, Chinese angelica.pure plant traditional Chinese medicine,tace element.───成份:甘草精华、辅酶、人参、当归、纯植物中药、微量元素。
72 、Aromas of black cherries, black berries,
licorice
and a bint of chocolate.───富有黑浆果、樱桃、甘草和轻微的巧克力气味。
73 、Garlic with Licorice contains allicin and is blended with
licorice
to further strengthen our immunity to viral attacks.───健尔力香蒜甘草片内含蒜素,配合甘草精华,有助加强身体的防御机制。
74 、For the ladies,
licorice
did the trick, followed by banana bread.───对女性来说甘草没有用,仅次于香蕉饼。
75 、There are ephedra, Kwai straminea, wolfberry,
licorice
, Nostoc, yellow ginseng, Jue Ma, mushrooms, Motherwort and so on, are sold both within and outside the province.───主要有麻黄、葵艽、枸杞、甘草、发菜、黄参、厥麻、蘑菇、益母草等,远销省内外。
76 、All models were randomly divided into fourgroups: normal control group, positive drug controlled group(Decocton of Prepared Licorice DPL group), Boschniakiarossica Fedtsch (BRF) treated group, and virus control group.───实验共分4个组:正常对照组,**对照药物组(炙甘草汤组),草苁蓉提取物组,病毒对照组。
77 、Main Ingredients: Hamamelis, chamomile,
licorice
extract, sea creature essence, biological essence, bio-enzyme, PNYE and native protein lecithin, etc.───主要成份:含金缕酶、洋甘菊、甘草提取液、海洋生物精华、生物酶、酵母萃取精华、甘酵酸、天然蛋白卵**脂等。
78 、Ingredient: Vitamin C, Glucoside (AAG), Hyaluronic acid, Licorice Extract, Vitamin E.───主要成份:维他命C、糖苷(AAG)、透明质酸、甘草萃取液、维他命E。
79 、Ingredients: B7 renewal factor, ocean active factor, levo Vitamin C extract and
licorice
extract.───成份:B7再生因子、海洋活性因子、左旋C精华、甘草精华。
80 、The Xiao Chai Hu Tang consists of 7 herbs, which are bupleurum, scutellaria, pinellia, ginger, jujube, ginseng and
licorice
, and has been suggested to have anti inflammatory and anti allergy effects.───小柴胡汤包含有7味中草药即柴胡、黄芩、半夏、生姜、大枣、人参和甘草。长期以来被认为具有消炎,抗过敏作用,并被广泛应用于临床实践中。
81 、Product source: Glabridin is a nature skin whitening agent extracted from special
licorice
.───产品来源:光甘草定是从特定品种甘草中提取的天然美白剂。
82 、Medium-full bodied dry red wine in ruby red color.Aromas of mineral,
licorice
, cherry liqueur and black currants.───中度至丰满酒体干红葡萄酒,宝石红色泽,富有矿物、烟熏、甘草、樱桃甜酒和黑醋栗气味。
83 、The main ingredients: seaweed, arbutin, pomegranate extract,
licorice
essence, hyaluronic acid and so on.───主要成份:海藻、熊果苷、石榴提取物、甘草精华、透明质酸等。
84 、Raw material: Steatitic 180 grams,
licorice
30 grams, rice 100 grams.───原料:滑石180克,甘草30克,粳米100克。
85 、A heat-relieving beverage is prepared using cogongrass rhizome, mulberry leaf and
licorice
as the main ingredients.───以白茅根、桑叶、甘草为主要原料,辅以蜂蜜、柠檬酸、白砂糖,研制出色香味俱佳、清热解暑的保健饮料。
86 、Main compositions: Extract of grape pip , Epidermis repair factor, Active hyaluronic acid, Licorice.───主要成份:甘草精华、表皮修复因子、葡萄籽精华、活性透明质酸。
87 、COTES D’UZES in the region, manufacturers often add a
licorice
candy.───在COTES D’UZES地区,制造者经常在糖果中加入甘草。
88 、Ingredients: botulinum toxin (Clostridium botulinum), hyaluronic acid, hydrogen protein, grape polyphenols, aloe extract, seaweed extract, glycyrrhizic acid,
licorice
extract and vitamin E.───成份:肉毒杆菌、玻尿酸、水解蛋白质、葡萄多酚萃取、芦荟萃取、褐藻萃取、甘草酸、甘草萃取、维生素E。
89 、Tobacco, curd soap,
licorice
and a hint of sweet semolina pudding.─── 烟草 盐析皂 甘草 还有一丝甜小麦粉布丁的味道
甘草酸(干草甜素)和甘草次酸的提取技术
分类: 医疗健康 >> 中医
问题描述:
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本人不胜感激
要求很专业,越详细越好
另外桔梗中糖甙的提取技术 如果有同样可以给你加一百分
不过还是要求很专业,越详细越好,越详细越好
如果所给资料符合要求
本人将补谢100,决不食言!!!
解析:
甘草酸的提取工艺及应用
介绍利用溶剂萃取法从甘草中提取甘草酸的工艺过程及甘草酸在医药、食品、化妆品等方面的应用。
关键词:甘草 甘草酸 溶剂
THE PRAPARATION AND APPLICATION OF GLYCYRRHIZIC ACID
This acticle introduced the process of using the solvent extracting the glycyrrhizic acid from the licorice and the glycyrrhizic acids application of medicine、food and co *** etics.
Key words:Licorice,Glycyrrihizic acid,Solvent
1 甘草酸的结构及特性
甘草酸是由甘草中提取。甘草,又名美草、蜜甘、甜根子,多生长在我国西北、华北、东北地区,为多年生草本植物。甘草酸作为其主要成分,随产地不同含量亦不同,一般在(4~14)%之内。甘草酸是甘草甜味的有效成分,又名甘草甜素、甘草皂甙。分子式C42H62O16,相对分子质量822.92,其结构式如图1。
甘草酸为白色或淡**结晶型粉末,熔点220 ℃,有特殊甜味,其甜度约为蔗糖的250倍,溶于热水和热的稀乙醇,不溶于无水乙醇和乙醚。甘草酸遇酸则沉淀,常利用此性质进行提取和精制。为了使用方便,一般都把甘草酸制成水溶性的盐类,如甘草酸钠、甘草酸二钠、甘草酸三钠、甘草酸铵等。
2 甘草酸的制备
甘草酸的制备方法有溶剂萃取法,大孔树脂吸附法和植物组织培养法等多种,现介绍采用第一种方法从甘草中提取甘草酸的工艺过程。
2.1 工艺流程
甘草挑选除杂→粉碎→提取→过滤→浓缩→分离→沉淀→重结晶→干燥→成品。
2.2 工艺过程
(1) 粉碎:将干净干燥的甘草放入粉碎机中粉碎,过10目筛选,制得甘草粉。
(2) 提取:称取一定质量的甘草粉放入反应器中,加入其5倍质量的水,在搅拌下于85 ℃以上加热回流2.5 h,过滤、滤渣再加3倍质量的水重复提取一次,合并泸液。
(3) 浓缩:将甘草酸提取液用薄膜蒸发器进行真空浓缩,当滤液体积减少4/5时,趁热过滤。
(4) 分离:在已经冷却的浓缩滤液中,加入其1/2容量的95%的乙醇,然后静止过夜,经过滤除去植物蛋白、多糖等沉淀物。
(5) 沉淀:在经上述处理的甘草酸浓缩液中,用浓硫酸调其PH值,使甘草酸沉淀析出,然后进行离心分离,得粗甘草酸。
(6) 重结晶:用(60~70) ℃的稀乙醇进行重结晶,减压过滤后得甘草酸湿品。
(7) 干燥:将湿甘草酸放入真空干燥箱内,调节真空度,在(70~80) ℃温度下加热(40~60) min,即得干甘草酸。
(8) 成品:将干燥的甘草酸粉碎,过筛,即得甘草酸成品。
3 甘草酸的定性和定量测定
3.1 甘草酸的定性鉴别
取样品4 mg,置白磁板上,加4%硫酸7滴,渐渐变成橙**至橙红色。
3.2 甘草酸纯度的测定
取样品6g,精确称定,加蒸馏水50 mL溶解后,移置100 mL容量瓶中,用乙醇稀释至刻度,摇匀,静置10 h。吸取上清液250 mL置小烧杯中,加氨试液3滴。然后加热至稠膏状,加30 mL蒸馏水溶解,慢慢加入3%盐酸溶液5mL,在冰水中冷却30 min,过滤,沉淀物用5mL冰水洗3次。弃去洗液及滤液,将沉淀物放在表面皿中使水分自然蒸发,然后加入10 mL65 ℃的乙醇,使沉淀物溶解,过滤,将乙醇溶液放入干燥恒重的烧杯中加热蒸干,精确称定。则甘草酸纯度(X)的计算采用下式:
3.3 甘草酸产品的质量指标
经测试甘草酸的质量指标如下(质量分数):甘草酸含量(以C42H62O16计):≥65%;水分:≤12%;灰分:≤11%;重金属:≤25×10-6;熔点:218-220 ℃。
4 甘草酸的应用
甘草酸是甘草甜味的有效成分,通常使用的是其水溶性的盐,称为甘草甜素。它的特点是高甜度,低热能,安全无毒,起泡性和溶血作用很低。因此,在医药、食品、化妆品等行业广泛使用。
甘草酸甜素能与多种生物碱、抗生素、氨基酸等生成复盐或复方制剂。常具有协同、增溶、增加药物稳定性,提高生物利用度及降低毒副作用的功效。甘草酸的许多金属盐,人体可适当吸收,不易造成元素的积蓄中毒,常用来配制健脾开胃、止咳化痰、顺气止喘、治疗慢性肝炎、降低血脂的良药。日本学者对甘草酸甜素的抗病毒性进行了筛选,表明它对艾滋病毒(HIV)的增殖及对细胞变性有抑制作用。1986年日本报道甘草对艾滋病毒的抑制率高达98%,因此,甘草被称为战胜AIDS病的“仙草”。
甘草甜素作为天然的甜味剂与人们的生活密切相关,在食品方面有着广泛的应用。蔗糖虽久负盛名,但糖尿病、肥胖症、高血压、心脏病等患者慎用或禁用。糖精虽低热,但由于是人工合成,加之甜味不纯不受欢迎。而甘草甜素可弥补上述甜素的弊端。甘草酸分子中两分子葡萄糖与配糖体结合,在口腔酶的作用下,经过几秒钟便开始水解出葡萄糖,产生甜味,能持续较常时间,食用后口腔无余酸,集甜味与保健于一体,广泛用于软饮料、罐头、糖果、面制品、酱油、腌制品等方面。
止渴、保健等饮料中加入适量甘草甜素,可以克服多用糖而引起的发酵、酸败等缺点;口香糖、巧克力等糖果中加入甘草甜素,有杀菌、洁齿、消炎、润喉等功效;在酱油中加入甘草甜素,作矫味剂,可抑制盐味和其苦味,增加酱油的风味;在蛋糕、面包、饼干等面制品加入甘草甜素,起到增甜、疏松起泡、柔软化的效果;在腌制品中加入甘草甜素,可克服因少加糖而出现的发酵腐败、变色、硬化等弊端,起到抑腥臭增香甜的作用。
甘草甜素水溶液具有水凝性,可制成变凝性的化妆水剂或乳液,便于使用和保存。由甘草甜素配制的护肤霜、祛斑霜、高级珍珠膏等化妆品,既有美容护肤效果,又有消炎、抗变态反应和治疗皮肤病的作用。
在卷烟方面,甘草甜素作为高级香烟的甜润、增香和保湿剂,可使烟味柔和,减少烟的毒害作用,或许对无害香烟,保健香烟的研制有所裨益。
作者单位:基础科学系
参考文献
1 凌关庭.食品添加剂手册.北京:化学工业出版社,1989.310
2 禹茂章.世界精细化工手册.北京:化学工业部科技情报所,1990.428~429
3 雷学军.甘草酸制备及其在食品工业中的应用.食品研究与开发,1994,(1):4
4 徐子硕.甘草及其制剂中化学成分测定方法进展.中草药,1994,25(7):385
wanfangdata/qikan/periodical.Articles/tjqgyxyxb/tjqg99/tjqg9901/990110
【植物来源】 豆科植物甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) 的干燥根及根茎,相思子Abrus precat orius L.叶
【分子式及分子量】 C42H62O16;822.92
【结构式】
【物理性质】 甘草酸为白色或淡**结晶型粉末,熔点220℃,有特殊甜味,其甜度约为蔗糖的250倍,溶于热水和热的稀乙醇,不溶于无水乙醇和乙醚。
【药理作用】 甘草酸具有肾上腺皮质激素样作用,能抑制毛细血管通透性,减轻过敏性休克的症状。可以降低高血压病人的血清胆醇。
【研发进展】甘草酸是甘草甜味的有效成分,通常使用的是其水溶性的盐,称为干草甜素。它的特点是高甜度、低热能、安全无毒,起泡性和溶血作用很低。因此,在医药、食品、化妆品等行业使用广泛。
甘草酸甜素能与多种生物碱、抗生素、氨基酸等生成复盐或复方制剂,具有协同、增溶、增加药物稳定性、提高生物利用度及降低毒副作用的功效。甘草酸的许多金属盐,人体可适当吸收,不易造成元素的积蓄中毒。因此常被用来配制成健脾开胃、止咳化痰、顺气止喘、治疗慢性肝炎、降低血脂的良药。日本学者对甘草酸甜素的抗病毒性进行了筛选,表明它对艾滋病毒的增殖及对细胞变性有抑制作用。1986年日本报道甘草对艾滋病毒的抑制率高达98%,因此,甘草被称为战胜AIDS病的“仙草“。
现代研究证明,甘草酸是甘草中最重要的有效成分之一。具有抗炎、抗病毒和保肝解毒及增强免疫功能等作用。由于甘草酸有糖皮质激素样药理作用而无严重不良反应,在临床中被广泛用于治疗各种急慢性肝炎、支气管炎和艾滋病。还具有抗癌防癌、干扰素诱生剂及细胞免疫调节剂等功能。
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extract是什么意思
extract的意思是:摘录。
extract,英语单词,主要用作动词、名词,作动词时意为“提取,提炼;索取,设法得到;选取,摘录;取出,拔出;推断出,引申出;开(方),求(根)”;作名词时意为“摘录,引文;榨出物,汁”。
短语搭配:extract from从…提取,文件的摘录。water extract水提取物。plant extract植物提取物;植物浸出液。yeast extract酵母膏;酵母提取物。aqueous extract水提物。grape seed extract葡萄籽萃取物;葡萄籽精华。
ginseng extract人参提取物,人参精华;人蔘萃取液,人参膏。crude extract n.粗提物,粗抽提物;粗提取液。ginkgo biloba extract银杏叶提取物;银杏萃取液;银杏精华;银杏黄酮。rosemary extract迷迭香萃取物;迷迭香精华。licorice extract甘草萃取,甘草浸液。
双语例句
1、Read this extract from an information booklet about the work of an airline cabin crew.看看这段从有关航空公司乘务人员工作的信息手册中摘录的文字。
2、Language teachers often extract examples from grammar books.语言教师常从语法书里摘录例子。
3、The following extract is taken from her new novel.下面一段摘自她的新**。