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conflicted
【kənˈflɪktɪd】
英：
美：
vi.
冲突, 抵触, 争执
n.
冲突, 战斗, 矛盾, 斗争
动词现在分词:
conflicting
动词过去分词:
conflicted
形容词:
conflictive
动词过去式:
conflicted
名词:
confliction
动词第三人称单数:
conflicts
1 、Indicate the selected device is in conflict with.───好象是说设备冲突。
2 、Danny, this is a conflict of interest.─── 丹尼 这是利益冲突的问题
3 、How can channel conflict be managed?───五,如何管理渠道的冲突?
4 、If youre worried about a conflict of interest, were not.─── 如果你担心利益冲突 这个不要紧的
5 、Close the Replication Conflict Viewer.───关闭复制冲突查看器。
6 、There was an internal conflict among themselves.───他们内部出现了一场内讧。
7 、But conflicting emotions require we resolve the conflict.─── 但矛盾的情绪要求我们必须解决矛盾
8 、How do you resolve conflict on a project team?───在一个团队中你如何解决矛盾?
9 、Something is bound to happen one way or another to end the conflict or solve the problem.───事情一定以某种方式发生以结束冲突或解决难题。
10 、They should not conflict with common mental associations.───他们不应与人们感官上共同的联想相违。
11 、Both sides committed themselves to settle the conflict peacefully.───双方承诺和平解决矛盾。
12 、Clintons not tormented, but he does seem
conflicted
.───克林顿的仕途虽然谈不上坎坷,但是,他有时看起来内心充满矛盾。
13 、His words are in conflict with his deeds.───他的言论和行动不一致。
14 、Your statement is in conflict with other evidence.───你的陈述与其他证据相冲突。
15 、I was so
conflicted
about all this when it began.─── 一切刚开始时我真的很矛盾
16 、Still, the conflict restores his sense of human grandeur.───不过这场冲突使他恢复了他人类尊严感。
17 、Agricultural policy has
conflicted
with other agricultural goals and with other national policies.───农业政策与不同的农业目标以及与其它的国民政策之间存在矛盾。
18 、Youd better avoidjumping into conflict with him.───你最好避免跟他发生冲突。
19 、His conflict of interest made him ineligible for the post.───人们在交往过程中难免发生冲突。
20 、The conflict between the two countries finally caused a war.───两国间的摩擦终于导致了一场战争。
21 、The conflict process is a dynamic phenomenon.───冲突过程是一种动态现象。
22 、To prepare oneself for warfare or conflict.───备战使自己准备参加战斗或战争
23 、The world is as an arena of moral conflict.───世界像一个道义冲突的竞争场所。
24 、He was wounded in the conflict.───他在战斗中负伤。
25 、The answer lies in what Prof McKinnon calls "
conflicted
virtue".───回答在于麦金农教授所称的“冲突的美德”。
26 、A decisive or catastrophic conflict.───决定性的或大规模的战争
27 、Yet these priorities are often in conflict.───但是这些优先权经常是冲突的。
28 、They were reluctant to be drawn into the conflict.───他们不愿卷入这场冲突。
29 、The statements of the two witnesses conflict.───两个证人的证词不一致.
30 、China and Finland have never come into conflict.───中国同芬兰从来没有发生过冲突。
31 、His statement
conflicted
with what his friend said.───他的说法与他的朋友所言截然不同。
32 、The conflict between them is over.───他们之间的冲突结束了。
33 、Has France ever
conflicted
with England in modern history?───在现代史上,法国与英国之间发生过冲突吗?
34 、International Journal of Conflict Management.───国际冲突管理杂志。
35 、Conflict of Interest Disclosures.───利益冲突的披露。
36 、To get involved in a conflict, trouble, etc.───卷入漩涡
37 、So the conflict spread like wildfire.───冲突犹如野火蔓延开来。
38 、Their viewpoints are in conflict with ours.───他们的观点和我们的冲突。
39 、They sought to provoke a general conflict in the area.───他们企图在这个地区挑起普遍冲突。
40 、A conflict or a frustration is not necessarily pathogenic.───一个冲突或者阻挠不一定会产生心理变态。
41 、Not just an actual conflict, but any appearance of conflict, I think.─── 我认为不仅是真实出现的争议 而是包含任何形式出现的争议
42 、She turned down Batman Forever because it
conflicted
with the filming of While You Were Sleeping.───她曾拒拍《永远的蝙蝠侠》，因为它与《当你熟睡时》的拍摄相冲突。
43 、To become embroiled in conflict.───卷入矛盾冲突
44 、Ill back you up if theres any conflict.─── 如果有任何冲突我会帮你的
45 、Separatism and racial conflict has been haunting the post- cold war community.───分离主义和种族冲突一直困扰著後冷战时代的国际社会。
46 、There has been conflict in this country for decades, terrible conflict, almost a civil war, and now, hopefully, finally, that could be coming to an end.─── 几十年来 哥伦比亚一直存在武装冲突 很可怕的冲突 几乎是一场内战 现在 终于有希望结束冲突了
47 、A careless move may well trigger an all new debate and conflict.───一不小心，还可能引发全新的争执和冲突。
48 、Her diary was a record of her inner conflict.───她的日记记录了她内心的矛盾。
49 、Involved in conflict or battle.───卷入矛盾或战争中
50 、The state of being at war or being engaged in a warlike conflict.───交战处于战争或有战争危险的冲突状态
51 、To avoid a full-scale nuclear conflict.───为了避免全面的核战争.
52 、The two accounts of what had happened
conflicted
with each other.───关于发生的事情,两个报道截然不同。
53 、The conflict between the two villages lasted for years.───两个村子之间的冲突持续了数年。
54 、Paranoia reigns among the women,causing much marital conflict.───偏执狂现象在妇女中很盛行，引起了许多婚姻纠纷。
55 、They faced conflict with the people.───他们面临着和人民的矛盾。
56 、by this conflicting evidence as you are.─── 被这些互相矛盾的证据搞得很困惑
57 、Advisers in any conflict are in harms way.───在任何冲突当中，顾问也会受到伤害。”
58 、There was no conflict between myself and my patrons.───在我和我的主顾之间没有什么摩擦。
59 、There has always been some conflict between the sexes.───两性之间从来就有矛盾。
60 、They fell out because of the little conflict.───他们因小冲突而争吵。
61 、Protection lock conflict with printers?───保护锁会不会与打印机机产生相冲突的情形?
62 、A person held by one party in a conflict as security that specified terms will be met by the opposing party.───人质被冲突一方扣押的人，以作为对方满足其提出的条件的保证
63 、If theres a conflict, you solve it.─── 假如出现了冲突 你就去解决
64 、His account
conflicted
with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had,for me the ring of truth.───他的叙述与其他目击者讲的有矛盾。然而在我看来，他所说的有可能是真的。
65 、They thrive on conflict. It excites them.─── 争吵让他们兴奋 给他们*
66 、This option is disabled if it detects a conflict.───如果检测到冲突,则会禁用此选项。
67 、The two nations had a conflict because of the boundary of a river.───因为一条河流的分界，两国发生了冲突。
68 、In an active state of conflict or contention.───处于交战状态处于一种冲突或争论的活跃状态
69 、The state or fact of differing or of being in conflict.───分歧，不和不同或处于冲突中的状态或事实
70 、The harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph.───冲突越激烈成就越显赫。
71 、Inequality and poverty breed class conflict.───不平等和贫困滋长阶级对抗。
72 、Your statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence.───你的陈述同其余证据有矛盾。
73 、A conventional conflict might become a nuclear war.───一场常规战有可能会变成核战争。
74 、The two stories
conflicted
, so I did not know what to believe.───两个故事相冲突，我不知道相信哪一个。
75 、"Master, these teachings may conflict".───"老师,这些教义有冲突."
76 、Your two statements conflict with each other.───你的两项陈述相互冲突。
77 、The conflict between them seems ceaseless.───他们之间冲突似乎没个止息。
78 、Both sides suffered heavy casualties in the border armed conflict.───在这次边界武装冲突中双方都遭到了重大伤亡。
79 、Over 10 people were killed in the conflict.───在那场冲突中有十多个人死于非命。
80 、Conflict is inevitable in the workplace.───在工场，冲突是不可避免的。
81 、Source object for the delete conflict.───删除冲突的源对象。
82 、If you are not personally
conflicted
about the issue, select another topic.───又假定你对该主题并未感到两难，选别的主题吧。
83 、So they came into direct conflict with the workers.───因此他们直接和工人发生了冲突。
84 、They have come into conflict, sometimes violently.───他们产生了矛盾，有时矛盾还非常激烈。
85 、Conflict increases more and more and more.───冲突在增加，越来越多，越来越多。
86 、At length the final conflict took place between Aeneas and Turnus.───埃涅阿斯和图努斯终于展开了最后的决战。
87 、The two political parties have been in conflict since the election.───从大选开始，这两个政党就一直争论不休。
88 、Your interests conflict with mine.───你的利益和我的冲突。
89 、The Colombian armed conflict started in 1964.───哥伦比亚武装冲突始于1964年。
90 、The conflict is still being fought out.───仍在通过战斗解决这次冲突。
给我15篇英语短文(7篇科普文其余不限,200字左右,要中文翻译)
I. CASE BACKGROUND
1. Abstract:
This website aims to analyze the key events leading to the construction of the Panama Canal, and detail certain environmental and tactical problems that threaten the canal today. The website historically examines why people wanted to construct the Panama Canal and details the efforts that lead to the construction of the canal. The website will also go into detail on how the U.S. supported the liberation of Panama, the decisive strategies it implemented to complete the canal, and a brief overview of events that take us to todays situation with the canal. Finally, the website ends on how environmental problems of deforestation and fresh water loss coincide to threaten the maintenance of the canal as well as its proposal to increase capacity to satisfy rising demands.
2. Description:
There has been a strong desire to have a canal run through the Central American isthmus since the early 16th century when the Spanish dominated the region. They sought to build a canal to achieve an easier route to access their colonies on the Atlantic and Pacific sides. Though, the Spanish government had plans in place no action was taken. Interest intensified to build a canal when gold was discovered in California in 1848. American settlers, looking for land and gold, wanted a quicker route than making the arduous trek across the continental U.S. In 1850, an international expedition composed of Colombia, France, Britain and the U.S. went to explore a claim made by Dr. Edward Cullen on how to cross the Darien Gap, the shortest distance between the tide waters of the Atlantic and Pacific in the Americas. The U.S. expedition, led by Navy Lieutenant Isaac Strain, arrived early and went into the Darien Gap without Cullens guidance. Most of Strains men died on the misguided expedition and Strain declared that a canal built through the Darien Gap was "impracticable." (McCullough, 22-23) In 1870, Commander Thomas Selfridge took two expeditions through the Darien Gap and followed Dr. Cullens trail. While his first expedition faced many hardships getting from the Atlantic side to the Pacific, his expedition made it. Selfridge added insight on how the canal should be built, saying it must be "through-cut," at sea level. (McCullough, 44)
Ferdinand Marie de Lesseps was not an engineer or an architect, he was an entrepreneur extraordinaire. "He had all the nerve, persistence, dynamic energy, a talent for propaganda, a capacity for deception and imagination." (53, McCullough) With his outgoing social manner and his dream firmly in place, de Lesseps made the construction of the Suez Canal happen. He was the chairman and president of the Suez Canal Company and was the charmed guardian for the fortunes of all his shareholders. De Lesseps had fascinating dreams that kept the public enthralled like railways from Paris to Moscow to Peking, or creating an inland sea in the Sahara Desert by breaking through a ridge on Tunisias Gulf of Gabes and flooding a depression the size of Spain. (57, McCullough) He was able to handle and use money like no other man in his time. Though, in 1875 two things happened. One was the British took control of the Suez Canal, and while he remained president his influence was undercut. The second event that occurred was his decision to take on the project of building a canal between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in the Americas.
In the summer of 1875, de Lesseps declared his desire to build an inter-oceanic canal through the Americas at Frances Geographical Society. (58, McCullough) In May of 1879, de Lesseps hosted a meeting with delegations of 22 countries around the world, discussing the tactics on how to build the canal. This delegation, the International Canal Congress, brought suggestions to the floor on the type and location. There was debate over whether the canal should be built in Panama or Nicaragua. When Panama was chosen, the next argument was whether it should be a sea level canal or a lock canal. De Lesseps declared that it would have to be a sea level canal. The problem of a sea level canal was seen right away in terms of the landscape that the canal was to be built on. The source of this problem was the Chagres River. "The absolutely unavoidable problem was the river. Any canal at Panama-a lock canal, a sea-level canal-would have to cross the river at least once. If a sea-level canal were cut through, the result would be a stupendous cataract. The fall of the river into the canal would be 42 feet and this measurement was based on the level of the river in the dry season, when the river was only a few feet deep. In the rainy season the river could be instantly transformed into a torrent, rising ten feet in an hour. The cost of controlling so monstrous a force-if it could be done at all-was beyond reckoning." (76, McCullough)
Nicholas Joseph Adolphe Godin, chief engineer with the French Department of Bridges and Highways, agreed with one of the American delegates that the Chagres River needed to be bridged, though he decided for that to happen there needed to be dams creating two artificial lakes. These lakes would act like the lake in Nicaragua, when the Nicaragua plan was on the table. "There would be two artificial lakes, with flights of locks, like stairs, leading up to the lakes from the two oceans. As Lake Nicaragua was the essential element in the Nicaraguan plan, providing both easy navigation and an abundant source of water for the canal, so his man-made lakes would serve at Panama." (80, McCullough) These dams would allow the Charges River to flow into the lakes, providing an endless source of water for canal use. On May 28, 1879, Panama was pronounced the proper place for the canal and a sea-level canal was the type of canal that would be built.
After de Lesseps returned to France from his three month visit to where the canal would be built, he immediately started fundraising and propagandizing the campaign. De Lesseps and France were confident; they had exceptional engineers and the experience of the Suez Canal. Though, in Panama they had to improvise. Panama was infinitely more challenging than the Suez in every aspect except for the distance and any lesson that Suez provided was useless and a hindrance. The French had to go into a thickly matted jungle that had poisonous reptiles, jaguars and pumas, and tons of insects. The summer of 1881, the French also discovered another deadly obstacle in their canal project; yellow fever and malaria. By the end of 1881 there were 2,000 men at work, including office and technical staff. As the number of laborers increased so did the death rate. By the end of 1883, 1,300 laborers had died throughout the year. While progress was being made laborers would die, at times on average of 200 per month. (McCullough, 160-161)
The rate of sickness only got worse. The worst year for the French regime in Panama was 1885, where up to forty people per day died at times. (McCullough, 172) The death toll was not the only number increasing at a rapid rate, so too was the financial cost. De Lesseps’ efforts to raise the proper money were without comparison in his time. He was truly talented at raising money for his projects and inspired many of his countrymen. Unfortunately, the conditions kept getting more arduous in Panama and de Lesseps had to keep justifying to the French government to give him more money. While his efforts were valiant, on February 4, 1889, the shareholders of the original company assigned a liquidator and the French effort was brought to an end. De Lesseps could only whisper, “It is impossible! It is shameful!” (McCullough, 202)
While de Lesseps’ might have wanted to continue his legacy of the construction of important canals throughout the world, the U.S. had other reasons. President Theodore Roosevelt and Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan were obsessed with naval power. Sea power was necessary to facilitate trade and peaceful commerce, therefore, the country with the greatest sea power would be able to wield great influence on the world stage. Therefore, long coastlines, good harbors, and power over the Suez and the soon-to-be Panama Canal was essential. Mahan’s theories on sea power conflicted with another major geopolitical, that of Sir Halford Mackinder. Mackinder believed that spatial integration and advanced technology on the interiors of continents was essential. (http://www.list.org/~mdoyle/theory.html) Perhaps the U.S. followed Mackinder and Mahan, because before de Lesseps arrived in Panama to begin work on the canal, the U.S. controlled the Panama Railroad that went from Colon, on the Northern Atlantic side, to Panama City on the Southern Pacific side. The railroad in addition to the canal in 1914, allowed the U.S. to control nearly all commodities and ships going between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and vice versa.
The burgeoning U.S. fleet needed to be able to move between the Caribbean and Pacific easier than taking the 18,000 mile route around South America. Secretary of State John Hay went to Colombia to negotiate the terms in buying the region so that the U.S. could start construction in the Colombian province of Panama. The Colombian Congress rejected the offer. Roosevelt who did not think highly of the Colombian government, demonstrated in this quote: "We were dealing with a government of irresponsible bandits," Roosevelt stormed. "I was prepared to . . . at once occupy the Isthmus anyhow, and proceed to dig the canal. But I deemed it likely that there would be a revolution in Panama soon." (http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/joining.html)1 The U.S. sent battleships outside of Colon and Panama City to prevent the Colombian army from mobilizing, while the Panamanian rebels declared independence on November 3, 1903. The U.S. guaranteed sovereignty to Panama and paid them $10 million up front in order to have control over the canal zone.
The U.S. would end up building the canal through Panama, opening up on 1914, though not without more deaths from illnesses. The U.S. did though have Dr. Gorgas who had developed treatment for Malaria and Yellow Fever, which were the main source of diseases in the region. Unlike the French who had to improvise, the Americans learned from the mistakes the French engineers made and were not bogged down by Panama’s terrain. The U.S. also shifted the engineering plan from a sea-level canal to a lock canal. In total, the U.S. suffered over 5,000 worker deaths, bringing the total to over 25,000 for the whole project over the thirty year period of the canal’s construction.
Today, the Panama Canal faces a myriad of problems that need to be fixed, should the canal continue to be effective. Deforestation of the rainforest around the canal basin could lead to water loss. Considering the canal will be operating at maximum capacity all the time in 2009, due to increased trade between Asia and the Americas, fresh water used to fill the locks is emptying out at rapid rates. While this is not a concern during the wet season in Panama, during the dry season, between December and April, this could turn into a potential disaster. Deforestation can also hurt the burgeoning tourist industry, should most of the wildlife around the canal basin disappear. The other main problems that the Panama Canal faces today are the amount of ships that travel through the canal each day as well as the size of the ships. Last month, the Panamanian government decided to propose an enlargement program adding two more locks, one on the Atlantic side as well as the Pacific side. These locks will be able to increase the capacity of what the canal can handle, as well as provide enough room so that the post-Panamax ships that cannot fit through the current locks will be able to use the canal. Channels will be widened for these new locks and water reutilization plants will be established. Also, Gatun Lake is set to be deepened to increase water holding capacity. (Third Set of Locks Project, Fact Sheet)
一,案例背景
1 .摘要:
这个网站旨在剖析关键事件导致建造巴拿马运河,并详细某些环境和战术问题,威胁运河的今天.网站历史研究的人,为什么要兴建巴拿马运河和细节的努力,导致建造的运河.该网站也将详述如何支持美国解放巴拿马,具有决定性的战略实施,完成南运河,并简要概述事件,我们今天的局面,与运河.最后,该网站的目的,就如何把环境问题,森林和淡水的损失,同时威胁到维持运河以及其提案,以增加其容量,以满足日益增长的需求.
2 .描述:
有一个强烈愿望,有一条运河,贯穿中美洲地峡初以来, 16世纪时,西班牙为主的地区.他们试图建立一个以运河,以达到一个更容易的途径进入他们的殖民地,对大西洋和太平洋.虽然,西班牙政府已经准备到位,没有采取任何行动.利息加紧修筑一条运河黄金时,被发现在加州1848 .美国定居,寻找土地和黄金,想要一个便捷的路线比作艰苦跋涉,横跨大陆,美国, 1850年,一个国际探险队组成,哥伦比亚,法国,英国和美国去探索提出的索赔博士爱德华卡伦对如何跨越包括darien差距,最短距离潮流水域是大西洋和太平洋在美洲.美国探险队,由海军中尉艾萨株,提前抵达,并进入了包括darien差距卡伦的指导.大部分菌株的男人就死了误导探险和应变宣称运河建成通过包括darien差距,是"不切实际" ( 2.69月22-23日) 1870年,司令托马斯空降仿真了两次考察,通过包括darien差距,并遵循卡伦博士的线索.而他的第一次探险队遇到了许多困难,从大西洋到太平洋,他的探险了.空降仿真洞察力,对如何运河应建说,它必须透过"禁" ,在海平面. ( 2.69 , 44 )
费迪南德玛丽aranea不是一个工程师或建筑师,他是一个企业家开讲. "他所有的神经,毅力,活力,人才,为宣传,身份诈骗和想象力" ( 53岁, 2.69亿)与卸任的社会态度和梦想坚定地德aranea取得建造苏伊士运河发生.他是董事长兼总裁苏伊士运河公司是8548监护人的命运他的所有股东. 德aranea了迷人的梦羁市民着迷铁路一样,从巴黎到莫斯科到北京,或创造一个内海,在撒哈拉大沙漠中突破了里奇对突尼斯的海湾加贝斯和洪水气压大小西班牙. ( 57 , 2.69 ) ,他能否有效地处理和利用这些钱,没有其他人在他的时候.虽然,在1875年两件事情.其一是英国控制了苏伊士运河,而他仍然是总统,他的影响力被削弱. 第二次发生的事件,他决定采取对工程建设的一条运河与太平洋和大西洋,在美洲.
在夏季, 1875年,德aranea宣布他的愿望,即建立一个跨大洋运河通过在美洲的法国地理学会的会员. ( 58 2.69 ) ,可在1879年,德aranea主持召开了各代表团, 22个国家在世界各地,讨论战术,就如何建设运河.这个代表团,国际运河国会提出建议,向地板上的类型和地点.有争论运河应建于巴拿马和尼加拉瓜.巴拿马时,被选定后,另一个论点是,我们是否应该海平面运河或运河船闸.德aranea宣布,它势必要经历一个海平面运河.问题海平面运河被马上从景观,是运河将建成.这问题的根源是查格雷斯河. "绝对不可避免的,问题是河.任何运河在巴拿马举行了运河船闸,海平面运河将要过河至少一次.如果海平面运河被划破,结果将是一个了不起白内障.秋季河水入运河,将42英尺这种测量是基于一级河流在旱季时,河水只有几英尺深.在雨季河水可瞬间转化成洪流,上升10英尺,在一个小时.成本控制等弥天的力量, 如果它可以做到在所有被清算以后. " ( 76 , 2.69 )
尼古拉约瑟夫夫奥努丁总工程师法文系,桥梁和公路,同意一个美国代表说, 查格雷斯河需要加以弥合,但他决定为做到这一点,需要有水坝形成两个人工湖.这些湖泊会像湖中,尼加拉瓜,在尼加拉瓜计划是放在桌上. " ,将有两个人工湖,同航班的铁锁,像楼梯,导致该湖由两大洋.至于尼加拉瓜湖是必不可少的因素,在尼加拉瓜计划,同时提供简单易用的导航功能和丰富的水源供运河,所以他的人造湖泊将在巴拿马. " ( 80 , 2.69 ) ,这些水坝将使收费河流流入湖泊,提供了无尽的水源使用运河.于1879年5月28日,巴拿马宣告各得其所,为运河和海平面运河类型运河将建成.
经过德aranea返回法国,从他3个月的访问,而运河将建成后,他立即开始筹款和宣传活动. aranea德和法国人的信心;他们有着非凡的工程师和经验丰富的苏伊士运河.虽然,在巴拿马只好凑合.巴拿马是无限的难度大于苏伊士在各个方面,除了距离和任何教训苏伊士提供的是没用的一个障碍.法国已经到了一个厚厚但这就是弱肉强食了有毒的爬行动物,美洲虎和美洲狮,一吨昆虫.夏天, 1881年,法国又发现了另一个致命的障碍,他们在运河工程;黄热病和疟疾.截至1881年共有2000名男子在工作,包括办公室和技术人员.随着一系列的劳动者增加,所以没有死亡率.截至1883年, 1300名华工死于贯穿全年.而正在取得进展,劳动者会死的时候,平均每月200 . ( 2.69 , 160-161 )
率病只有越变越糟.最差的一年,法国政权巴拿马是1885年,有多达40人,每天死亡的时候. ( 2.69 , 172 ) ,死亡人数不仅数量增长快,所以也被财务费用.德aranea 努力提高妥善钱比较,在他的时候.他是真正的天才,在筹钱,为他的计划,并激发他的许多同胞.不幸的是,保存条件越来越艰苦,在巴拿马和de aranea保持了理向法国政府给他更多的钱.而他的努力得到了英勇的,对1889年2月4日,股东对原公司指定清算人和法国努力告一段落.德 aranea只能嘀咕, "这是不可能的!实在可耻! " ( 2.69 , 202 )
而德aranea 也许是想继续他所遗留下来的建筑重要的,运河在世界各地,美国也有其他原因.总统罗斯福和队长阿尔弗雷德马汉厌倦了痴迷的海军实力.海上力量是必要的, 以促进贸易和商业的和平,因此,该国最大的海上力量将能发挥很大的影响力在世界舞台上.因此,有漫长的海岸线,优良的港口,电力超过苏伊士运河和不久将巴拿马运河是必不可少的.马汉的理论,对海权的冲突,与另一家大型缘,爵士mackinder排出. mackinder认为,空间整合和先进技术对内饰大洲是必不可少的. ( http://www.list.org/ ~ mdoyle / theory.html )也许美国走mackinder和马汉,因为在此之前德aranea抵达巴拿马开始工作,对运河,美国控制巴拿马铁路, 1814年结肠癌,对北部大西洋一方,在巴拿马市对南大西洋方面.铁路除了运河, 1914年允许美国几乎控制所有商品和船只来往太平洋和大西洋,反之亦然.
新兴的美国舰队必须能够来往于加勒比海和太平洋地区较容易以 18000英里的路线周围南美洲.国务卿约翰海伊前往哥伦比亚进行谈判的条件,买区域,使美国可以动工,在哥伦比亚省的巴拿马.哥伦比亚国会拒绝了.罗斯福没有瞧得起哥伦比亚政府表明,在此引述他的话: "我们打交道的政府不负责任的土匪, "罗斯福破门. "我当时准备.一下子占据地峡无论如何,并着手挖掘运河.但我认为它有可能将是一场革命,巴拿马很快. " ( http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/joining.html ) 1美国派出战舰之外结肠癌和巴拿马市,以防止哥伦比亚军队调动,而巴拿马叛军宣布独立, 1903年11月3日.美国保证主权巴拿马向他们支付1000万美元的前面,以控制运河区.
美国落得建设运河通过巴拿马,开放的1914年, 虽然没有更多的人死于疾病.美国虽然没有博士gorgas曾研制治疗疟疾和黄热病,其中主要来源地区的传染病.不同于法国人来了一段即兴,美国人的错误中汲取经验,法国工程师了,并没有陷入巴拿马的地形.美国也转向工程计划从海平面运河锁定运河.总起来,美国遭受了5000多名工人死亡,使总数达到 25000多名,为整个工程在过去30年期间,运河的建造.
今天,运河面临着很多问题,需要加以固定,如果运河继续有效.砍伐雨林围绕运河流域可能导致水土流失.考虑到运河将满负荷运行的所有时间,在2009年,由于之间的贸易增加,亚洲和美洲,淡水用来填补门锁是排空出高速率.虽然这不是一个关注的雨季期间,在巴拿马,每逢旱季, 12月至4月,这可能变成一个潜在的灾难.毁林也伤害了蓬勃发展的旅游业,应大多数野生围绕运河流域消失.另一个主要问题是巴拿马运河今天面临数额的船只穿越运河每天以及大小船只.上个月,巴政府已经决定提出的扩大计划,并增加了两个锁,一个是关于大西洋方以及太平洋侧.这些锁,将能够提高能力,有什么运河能处理,以及提供足够的空间,使后巴拿马型船舶不能适合通过这次锁,将能够使用运河.渠道将拓宽为这些新的门锁和中水回用厂,将被建立.同时, gatun湖设为深化,以增加蓄水能力. (第三套船闸工程概况)
如何用命令行实现TortoiseSVN命令
TortoiseSVN是一个GUI客户端，这个自动化指导为你展示了让TortoiseSVN对话框显示并收集客户输入，如果你希望编写不需要输入的脚本，你应该使用官方的Subversion命令行客户端。
TortoiseSVN的GUI程序叫做TortoiseProc.exe。所有的命令通过参数/command:asdf指定，其中asdf是必须的命令名（命令名详见”表 1. 有效命令及选项列表“）。大多数此类命令至少需要一个路径参数，使用/path:"some\path"指定。在下面的命令表格中，命令引用的是/command:asdf参数，余下的代表了/path:"some\path"参数。
因为一些命令需要一个目标路径的列表(例如提交一些特定的文件)，/path参数可以接收多个路径，使用*分割。
TortoiseSVN 使用临时文件在 shell 扩展和主程序之间传递多个参数。从 TortoiseSVN 1.5.0 开始，废弃/notempfile参数，不再需要增加此参数。
The progress dialog which is used for commits, updates and many more commands usually stays open after the command has finished until the user presses theOK button. This can be changed by checking the corresponding option in the settings dialog. But using that setting will close the progress dialog, no matter if you start the command from your batch file or from the TortoiseSVN context menu.
To specify a different location of the configuration file, use the parameter /configdir:"path\to\config\directory". This will override the default path, including any registry setting.
如果想在进度对话框执行完毕后自动关闭，而又不必设置永久性的参数，可以传递/closeonend参数。
/closeonend:0 不自动关闭对话框
/closeonend:1 如果没发生错误则自动关闭对话框
/closeonend:2 如果没发生错误和冲突则自动关闭对话框
/closeonend:3如果没有错误、冲突和合并，会自动关闭
下面的列表列出了所有可以使用TortoiseProc.exe访问的命令，就像上面的描述，必须使用/command:asdf的形式，在列表中，因为节省空间的关系省略了/command的前缀。
表 1. 有效命令及选项列表
命令
描述
:about 显示关于对话框。如果没有给命令也会显示。
:log 打开日志对话框，/path 指定了显示日志的文件或目录，另外还有三个选项可以设置: /startrev:xxx、/endrev:xxx和/strict
:checkout 打开检出对话框，/path指定了目标路径，而/url制定了检出的URL。
:import 打开导入对话框，/path 指定了数据导入路径。
:update 将工作副本的/path更新到HEAD，如果给定参数/rev，就会弹出一个对话框询问用户需要更新到哪个修订版本。为了防止指定修订版本号/rev:1234的对话框，需要选项/nonrecursive和/ignoreexternals。
:commit 打开提交对话框，/path 指定了目标路径或需要提交的文件列表，你也可以使用参数 /logmsg 给提交窗口传递预定义的日志信息，或者你不希望将日志传递给命令行，你也可以使用/logmsgfile:path，path 指向了保存日志信息的文件。为了预先填入bug的ID(如果你设置了集成bug追踪属性)，你可以使用/bugid:"the bug id here"完成这个任务。
:add 将/path的文件添加到版本控制 。
:revert 恢复工作副本的本地修改，/path说明恢复哪些条目。
:cleanup 清理中断和终止的操作，将工作副本的/path解锁。
:resolve 将/path指定文件的冲突标示为解决，如果给定/noquestion，解决不会向用户确认操作。
:repocreate 在/path创建一个版本库。
:switch 打开选项对话框。/path 指定目标目录。
:export 将/path的工作副本导出到另一个目录，如果/path指向另一个未版本控制目录，对话框会询问要导出到/path的URL。
:merge Opens the merge dialog. The /path specifies the target directory. For merging a revision range, the following options are available: /fromurl:URL, /revrange:string. For merging two repository trees, the following options are available: /fromurl:URL, /tourl:URL, /fromrev:xxx and /torev:xxx. These pre-fill the relevant fields in the merge dialog.
:mergeall Opens the merge all dialog. The /path specifies the target directory.
:copy Brings up the branch/tag dialog. The /path is the working copy to branch/tag from. And the /url is the target URL. You can also specify the /logmsg switch to pass a predefined log message to the branch/tag dialog. Or, if you dont want to pass the log message on the command line, use /logmsgfile:path, where path points to a file containing the log message.
:settings 打开设置对话框。
:remove 从版本控制里移除/path中的文件。
:rename 重命名/path的文件，会在对话框中询问新文件，为了防止一个步骤中询问相似文件，传递/noquestion。
:diff Starts the external diff program specified in the TortoiseSVN settings. The /path specifies the first file. If the option /path2 is set, then the diff program is started with those two files. If /path2 is omitted, then the diff is done between the file in /path and its BASE. To explicitly set the revision numbers use /startrev:xxx and /endrev:xxx. If/blame is set and /path2 is not set, then the diff is done by first blaming the files with the given revisions.
:showcompare
Depending on the URLs and revisions to compare, this either shows a unified diff (if the option unified is set), a dialog with a list of files that have changed or if the URLs point to files starts the diff viewer for those two files.
The options url1, url2, revision1 and revision2 must be specified. The options pegrevision, ignoreancestry, blame and unified are optional.
:conflicteditor Starts the conflict editor specified in the TortoiseSVN settings with the correct files for the conflicted file in /path.
:relocate 打开重**对话框，/path指定了重**的工作副本路径。
:help 打开帮助文件
:repostatus 打开为修改检出对话框，/path 指定了工作副本目录。
:repobrowser Starts the repository browser dialog, pointing to the URL of the working copy given in /path or /path points directly to an URL. An additional option /rev:xxx can be used to specify the revision which the repository browser should show. If the /rev:xxx is omitted, it defaults to HEAD. If /path points to an URL, the /projectpropertiespath:path/to/wcspecifies the path from where to read and use the project properties.
:ignore 将/path中的对象加入到忽略列表，也就是将这些文件添加到 svn:ignore 属性。
:blame
为 /path 选项指定的文件打开追溯对话框。
如果设置了 /startrev 和 /endrev 选项，不会显示询问追溯范围对话框，直接使用这些选项中的版本号。
如果设置了 /line:nnn 选项，TortoiseBlame 会显示指定行数。
也支持 /ignoreeol，/ignorespaces 和 /ignoreallspaces 选项。
:cat 将/path指定的工作副本或URL的文件保存到/savepath:path，修订版本号在/revision:xx。