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evapotranspiration
英：【ɪˌvæpəʊˌtrænspɪreɪʃən】美：【ɪˌvæpoʊˌtrænspəreɪʃən】
英：
美：
n.
蒸散
1 、Measured Sap Flow and Estimated Evapotranspiration of Tropical Eucalyptus urophylla Plantations in South China───华南桉树人工林树液流通量及蒸散作用
2 、Evapotranspiration Characteristics of Soil Microbiotic Crusts───土壤生物结皮蒸散特征研究
3 、The regional distribution of actual
evapotranspiration
───区域变化
4 、Actual
evapotranspiration
in farmland───农田实际蒸散
5 、reference crop
evapotranspiration
───参考作物蒸发蒸腾量
6 、Water and Heat Transfer Mechanics in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum and Regional Evapotranspiration Model───土壤-植被-大气系统水和热传输机理及区域蒸散模型
7 、Seasonal and interannual variation in
evapotranspiration
, energy balance and surface conductance in a northern temperate grassland───北部温带草原蒸散能量平衡和地面传导系数的季节性和年际变化
8 、The Study of Tasseled Cap Transformation and Regional Evapotranspiration Models Based on ASTER───基于ASTER的穗帽变换与区域蒸散模型研究
9 、The correlation between water and soil conservation effect coefficient and the difference between precipitation and
evapotranspiration
was negative.───保土作用系数与降水蒸发差呈负相关,与植物初级生产力呈正相关,其相关性很高,可信度均超过0.01水平。
10 、
evapotranspiration
potential───可能蒸发蒸腾
11 、Evapotranspiration Process and Water Balance of Different Plant Communities in Lower Taihang Mountainous Areas───太行山低山区不同植被群落蒸散与水量平衡研究
12 、Reference
evapotranspiration
is evaluated by Penman-Monteithmethod newly recommend by FAO.───参考作物腾发量采用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐使用的 Penman-Monteith 方法计算。
13 、Measurement of Evapotranspiration by the Microlysimeters in the Mountain Vegetation Zone of the Hei River Basin───两种小型蒸渗仪在黑河流域山区植被带的应用研究
14 、Isoline map of crop
evapotranspiration
───作物需水量等值线图
15 、Comparing Two Methods for Calculating Major Crop Evapotranspiration in the Pediment of Mt. Taihang───太行山山前平原主要农作物蒸散量估算方法比较
16 、reference
evapotranspiration
───参考作物腾发量
17 、The ratio between soil evaporation and crop
evapotranspiration
in each month and in the whole growing period of winter wheat are obtained from observed evolution of soil evaporation rate in the field.───在农田水量平衡的各种计算模型中，总是用参照腾发量与作物系数的乘积计算作物总腾发量，而如何将土面蒸发与叶面蒸腾分开，一直是困扰着人们的难题。
18 、In contrast to the conventional view, it haeen noted that
evapotranspiration
from nonirrigated cropland also is a water resource that beneficial to society (7).───与常规观点对比，已被注意的是从未灌溉过的农田的蒸散量也是对社会有益的水资源(7)。
19 、Therefore, developing
evapotranspiration
models of vegetation is always an important research topic in both ecological process and water resources management of terrestrial ecosystem.───因此,植被蒸发散量的估算模型开发一直是陆地生态系统的生态学过程和水资源管理研究的重要领域。
20 、two-source
evapotranspiration
───双源蒸散发
21 、Influence of as and bs Values on Determination of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman-Monteith Formula───as和bs取值对参考作物蒸发蒸腾量计算结果的影响
22 、Price, John C, 1990. Using Spatial Context in Satellite Data to Infer Regional Scale Evapotranspiration .IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28(5): 940-948.───刘俊志，（2000），克利金空间推估应用于控制点选取与影像几何校正，国立台湾大学生物环境系统工程研究所硕士论文。
23 、On the farmland of Heishui River basin, which was distributed in dry valley,
evapotranspiration
was much higher than precipitation.───两个流域草地水量平衡对景观格局的响应模式与有林地基本一致；
24 、Using the ground-truth weatherdata, the modeling results of field
evapotranspiration
, latent heat and sensible heatare compared to a real-time observation by eddy correlation measurement.───以先进的涡度相关法为对照，对下垫面的蒸散、潜热和显热进行实时的动态观测和资料采集，并与模型结果进行比较。
25 、Influence of e_a on calculation of reference crop
evapotranspiration
with Penman-Monteith formula───不同e_a计算方法对Penman-Monteith公式的影响
26 、The relationship between
evapotranspiration
in wheat field and the groundwater level in Beijing-Tianjin Corridor───京津走廊麦田蒸散及其与地下水位变化关系研究
27 、Development and Application of A Reference Evapotranspiration Instrument───参考蒸发蒸腾仪的研制及其应用研究
28 、Soil temperature has minor influence on the
evapotranspiration
of Tamarix ramosissima, but variety of soil temperature has basic consistence with change of
evapotranspiration
rate.───土壤温度对柽柳种群蒸散速率的影响不大,但土壤温度的增加值的变化与蒸散速率的变化基本一致。
29 、consulting
evapotranspiration
───参照蒸散量
30 、Potential
evapotranspiration
greatly exceeds precipitation in the North China Plain.───在华北平原，潜在蒸腾量远远超过降雨。
31 、The relationship between relative
evapotranspiration
and leaf area index and surface soil water content in winter wheat field of North China Plain───华北平原冬小麦相对蒸散与叶面积指数及表层土壤含水量的关系
32 、annual mean
evapotranspiration
───多年平均蒸散量
33 、Modified Penman and Penman Monteith formulae were recommended to calculate the reference crop
evapotranspiration
by FAO one after another.───FAO先后建议用Penman修正式和Penman Monteith公式计算参考作物蒸散量 .
34 、Duo to crops physiological mechanism and the unsteady,non-linear stochastic variation of meteorological factors,reference crop
evapotranspiration
time series is characterized by its periodicity.───受作物本身生理机制以及近地层气象因子非线性、非平稳化随机变化的影响,参考作物潜在腾发量时序过程具有周期特性。
35 、Average annual
evapotranspiration
in the monsoon evergreen broad leaf forest is 948 2 mm, which amounts to 49 7% of annual precipitation.───( 4 )季风常绿阔叶林多年平均蒸散 948.2 mm,占同期降水量的 49.7% ;
36 、Keywords three basins in ShanXi province;
evapotranspiration
;quantitative remote sensing;surface energy balance;───山西三大盆地;蒸散发;定量遥感;地表能量平衡;
37 、Using radial basis function network based on project pursuit to forecast reference
evapotranspiration
───基于投影寻踪的径向基函数网络在参考腾发量预测中的应用
38 、Assessing bias in
evapotranspiration
and soil moisture estimates due to the use of modeled solar radiation and dew point temperature data───在蒸散和土壤湿度估算中因使用模式太阳辐射和露点温度资料引起的偏差评估
39 、Based on the daily meteorological data of more than 200 stations all over China,daily reference
evapotranspiration
(ET_0) was(estimated) by using the FAO Penman-Monteith equation.───基于全国范围200多个气象站测站逐日气象观测资料,应用FAO-Penm an-M on te ith公式,计算得出各站历年逐日参照作物腾发量ET0。
40 、crop potential
evapotranspiration
───作物潜在腾发量
41 、reference crops
evapotranspiration
quantity───参照作物腾发量
42 、The
evapotranspiration
of 51 accessions of Zoysia spp. which included three check accessions such as Lanyin No. 3(Z077)(Z.japonica cv.Lanyin No.3),Qingdao(Z081)(Z.japonica cv.Qingdao) and Manila (Z014)(Z.matrella) were evaluated.───以‘兰引3号’结缕草(Z077)(Zoysia japon icacv.Lany in N o.3)、青岛结缕草(Z081)(Z.japon ica cv.Qing dao)和马尼拉(Z014)(Z.matrella)为对照,研究结缕草属5个种48份种源的蒸散量。
43 、Title： Evapotranspiration of winter wheat field in North China Plain.───关键词：农田墒情;农田蒸散;冠层温度;涡度相关技术
44 、An Update for the Definition of Reference Evapotranspiration ICID Bulletin【J】。───土壤-植物-大气连续体模型中的蒸散发计算【J】。
45 、Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Calculation in Short Interval of Mountainous Area in North China───华北山区短时段参考作物蒸散量的计算
46 、regional land surface
evapotranspiration
───区域蒸散
47 、Ratio of soil evaporation to the
evapotranspiration
for summer maize field───夏玉米棵间土面蒸发与蒸发蒸腾比例研究
48 、How to integrate the results of the Tasseled Cap and the
evapotranspiration
models together to get more exact outcome will be study stress in the future.───如何将穗帽变换结果和蒸散模型有效结合,获得更准确的计算结果,将是以后的研究重点。
49 、Keywords desert area;artificially re-vegetated desert area;soil moisture;water balance;
evapotranspiration
;───关键词荒漠带;人工固沙植丛;土壤水分;水分平衡;蒸散发;
50 、STUDY OF FIELD EVAPOTRANSPIRATION───农田蒸散的研究
51 、Comparative analysis of regional
evapotranspiration
estimation models using remotely sensed data───估算区域蒸发蒸腾量的遥感模型对比分析
52 、The crop reference
evapotranspiration
, estimated from meteorological data with methods such as the Penman-Monteith method recommended by FAO, is useful for precision irrigation decision-making.───在估算大气蒸发力方面,以参考作物蒸散量为指标,估计作物参考蒸散量的方法以联合国粮农组织(FAO)最新推荐的Penman Monteith方法较为精细。
53 、Evapotranspiration is the combination of water loss through atmospheric evaporation, coupled with the evaporative loss of water through the life processes of plants.───土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量是水通过大气蒸发损失的总和，结合通过植物生命过程蒸发损失。
54 、land surface
evapotranspiration
───地表蒸散
55 、The result show that the CRAE model seems effective for estimating catchment
evapotranspiration
.───因此，CRAE模型在流域蒸发估算、水文资源分析、农业生产中有较强的应用性。
56 、Comparison Applying of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Computing Method in the Longitudinal Range Gorge Region───参考作物需水量计算方法在纵向岭谷区的应用对比
57 、References
evapotranspiration
───参考作物蒸散量
58 、total
evapotranspiration
of crops───作物蒸发蒸腾量
59 、Of all components of water balance in farmlands,
evapotranspiration
, capillary rise from a water table and deep percolation are difficult to determine.───在农田水分平衡中,较难测定的要素有农田蒸腾蒸发量、地下水毛细上升量和土壤水渗漏量。
60 、Comparison of Different Complementary Relationship Models for Regional Evapotranspiration Estimation───基于互补相关原理的区域蒸散量估算模型比较
61 、Many kinds of approaches have been used for estimating crop
evapotranspiration
,here,we use crop coefficient approach recommended by FAO.───估算作物腾发速率的方法很多,本研究采用了联合国粮农组织推荐的作物系数法。
62 、Penman - Monteith
evapotranspiration
model───Penman-Monteith蒸散模型
63 、The changing laws of the diurnal
evapotranspiration
and soil evaporation between plants in the winter wheat field of the North China Plain───华北平原冬小麦田间蒸散与棵间蒸发的变化规律研究
64 、Neural network model for reference crop
evapotranspiration
prediction based on weather forecast───基于气象预报的参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的神经网络预测模型
65 、Conventional engineers of water resources consider the water withdrawn from surface and groundwater as water resources and
evapotranspiration
as a loss of water from the precipitatedwater.───传统的水利工程师把开采的地表水和地下水看作是水资源，而把腾发看作是来自于降水的水量的损失。
66 、Application and verification of distributed model in simulating watershed
evapotranspiration
───分布式模型在流域蒸散模拟中的应用与验证
67 、The experiment based on the auto-weighing lysimeters aims to study the soil moisture dynamics and
evapotranspiration
(ET) of revegetated and bare desert dune area.───以大型自动称重式蒸渗仪为试验设施,对草原化荒漠带固沙植丛区与无植被沙区土壤水分动态及蒸散发进行对比研究。
68 、It’s a “deep fresh marshes” “surface water depression”, loses water only through infiltration into the ground and through
evapotranspiration
.───溼地的主要水源为降雨，主要损失为蒸发、入渗及排水管。
69 、Experimental study on
evapotranspiration
and soil evaporation in summer maize field───夏玉米田蒸发蒸腾量与棵间蒸发的试验研究
70 、regional averaged
evapotranspiration
───区域平均蒸散发率
71 、In that sense, precipitation minus
evapotranspiration
over land is a measure of the maximum available RFWR.───从这个意义上讲，用陆地上的降水量减去蒸散量即是可利用RFWR的最大值。
72 、reference crop
evapotranspiration
(ET0)───参考作物蒸发蒸腾量（ET0）
73 、Estimated Evapotranspiration Based on NOAA Data in the Yellow River Delta───利用NOAA数据估算黄河三角洲区域蒸散量
74 、Based on the achievements of forest history, ecology, climatology and desertology, the relationships of forest,
evapotranspiration
, climate and desert were studied.───以森林历史、生态学、气候学、沙漠学研究成果为基础,综合研究森林、蒸散、气候、沙漠之间的关系。
75 、Effects of different row spacings on soil evaporation,
evapotranspiration
and yield of winter wheat───不同行距对冬小麦麦田蒸发、蒸散和产量的影响
76 、Potential Evapotranspiration in Ulan Buh Desert───乌兰布和沙漠可能蒸散的研究
77 、It has an effective, logarithmic relationship between net primary production of climax vegetation and
evapotranspiration
.───它在顶极植被净第一性生产量与实际蒸发量之间有一个有效的对数关系。
78 、In a situation that there has no test
evapotranspiration
(ET) data, in this paper, we use the result that calculated by FAO-PM equation as comparison.───在没有实测的蒸散发资料的情况下，本研究采用被公认和广泛使用的国际粮农组织**使用的FAO-PM方法计算日蒸散发量，以此作为对照(?)行结果检验。
79 、ZHAI H B,LI J Y,NIE L S.Forestland
evapotranspiration
and water balance of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus variabilis mixed stand【J】.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2004,26(2):48-51.───【8】翟洪波,李吉跃,聂立水.油松栓皮栎混交林林地蒸散和水量平衡研究【J】.北京林业大学学报,2004,26(2):48-51.
80 、reference
evapotranspiration
instrument───参考蒸发蒸腾仪
用英语写一个水的报告
太笼统了。。水的报告是怎样的？有什么格式？题目是关于水污染的还是水再利用？
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Water cycle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
The water cycle.The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or H2O cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Water can change states among liquid, vapor, and ice at various places in the water cycle. Although the balance of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time, individual water molecules can come and go. Over geologic time, water-rich planets such as the Earth lose gases such as Hydrogen over time, which can lead to run away greenhouse effects which in turn accelerate Hydrogen loss, and by association water loss, from a planets atmosphere.
Contents
1 Description
1.1 Different Processes
2 Residence times
3 Changes over time
4 Effects on climate
5 Effects on biogeochemical cycling
6 Slow loss over geologic time
7 See also
8 Notes
9 External links
Description
The sun, which drives the water cycle, heats water in oceans and seas. Water evaporates as water vapor into the air. Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor. Evapotranspiration is water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmosphere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into clouds. Air currents move water vapor around the globe, cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of the sky as precipitation. Some precipitation falls as snow or hail, and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers, which can store frozen water for thousands of years. Snowpacks can thaw and melt, and the melted water flows over land as snowmelt. Most water falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain, where the water flows over the ground as surface runoff. A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape, with streamflow moving water towards the oceans. Runoff and groundwater are stored as freshwater in lakes. Not all runoff flows into rivers, much of it soaks into the ground as infiltration. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers, which store freshwater for long periods of time. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface-water bodies (and the ocean) as groundwater discharge. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and comes out as freshwater springs. Over time, the water returns to the ocean, where our water cycle started.
Different Processes
Precipitation
Condensed water vapor that falls to the Earths surface . Most precipitation occurs as rain, but also includes snow, hail, fog drip, graupel, and sleet.【1】 Approximately 505,000 km3 (121,000 cu mi) of water fall as precipitation each year, 398,000 km3 (95,000 cu mi) of it over the oceans.【2】
Canopy interception
The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground.
Snowmelt
The runoff produced by melting snow.
Runoff
The variety of ways by which water moves across the land. This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff. As it flows, the water may seep into the ground, evaporate into the air, become stored in lakes or reservoirs, or be extracted for agricultural or other human uses.
Infiltration
The flow of water from the ground surface into the ground. Once infiltrated, the water becomes soil moisture or groundwater.【3】
Subsurface Flow
The flow of water underground, in the vadose zone and aquifers. Subsurface water may return to the surface (e.g. as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans. Water returns to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated, under the force of gravity or gravity induced pressures. Groundwater tends to move slowly, and is replenished slowly, so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years.
Evaporation
The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere.【4】 The source of energy for evaporation is primarily solar radiation. Evaporation often implicitly includes transpiration from plants, though together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration. Total annual evapotranspiration amounts to approximately 505,000 km3 (121,000 cu mi) of water, 434,000 km3 (104,000 cu mi) of which evaporates from the oceans.【2】
Sublimation
The state change directly from solid water (snow or ice) to water vapor.【5】
Advection
The movement of water — in solid, liquid, or vapor states — through the atmosphere. Without advection, water that evaporated over the oceans could not precipitate over land.【6】
Condensation
The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air, creating clouds and fog.【7】
Transpiration
The release of water vapor from plants and soil into the air. Water vapor is a gas that cannot be seen.
彭曼方程计算潜在蒸散和实际蒸散的区别
作物实际蒸散发量et测量计算
农田土壤蒸发植物蒸腾总耗水量.称蒸散、腾发量或总蒸发量.蒸散量农田水平衡重要组部.蒸散量受三面素制约:①气干燥程度、辐射条件及风力所综合决定蒸发势.②土壤湿润程度导水能力所决定壤供水状况.③植状况,包括植物水输导组织、叶片气孔数量与及群体结构湍流交换系数影响等.平坦面矮秆绿色作物全部遮蔽,土壤充湿润情况蒸散量称蒸散势(Potential Evapotranspiration),称能蒸散量、潜蒸散量或能蒸散量.实际蒸散量蒸散势、土壤含水量及植覆盖状况函数.测定蒸散量六种:①器测.应用蒸散计(内装着植物土柱状仪器)定期测定土壤水损失量.②经验公式.用数理统计,确定蒸散量与各种气候要素相关关系,建立计算蒸散量经验程.③水平衡.水较深,根布层水补给情况,通定期测定降雨量土壤水含量确定蒸散量.④湍流交换.通测定近面层水汽梯度湍流系数计算水垂直通量,确定蒸散量.⑤热量平衡.通测定表热量收支各量确定消耗于蒸散热量.⑥综合.综合应用热量平衡程湍流交换程计算能蒸散量(见能蒸散量),再用能蒸散量土壤水含量及植状况参数建立函数关系,计算实际蒸散量.(