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cutaneous
英：【kjuˈteɪnɪəs】美：【kjuˈtenɪəs】
英：
美：
adj.
皮肤的, 侵犯皮肤的
副词:
cutaneously
1 、In the meantime, bilateral pigment of size labium
cutaneous
is deepened gradually, increase gradually, begin occurrence white secretion.───同时，双侧大小**皮肤的色素渐加深，并逐渐增大，开始出现白色分泌物。
2 、Surfactant can promote the permeation of drug through skin,so noisome has exclusive advantages in vitro
cutaneous
delivery.───以及它的促渗透作用,在经皮给药系统中也有更好的作用。
3 、Maintain is
cutaneous
best what is method? ?───保养皮肤的最好办法是什么？？
4 、The most common complication in children with varicella is
cutaneous
superimposed infection with pyogenic bacteria.───摘要孩童期的水痘感染最常见的并发症是化脓性细菌的继发性皮卢感染。
5 、Sebaceoma (sebaceous epithelioma) is an uncommon
cutaneous
adnexal tumor with differentiation toward sebaceous unit.───摘要皮脂瘤(皮脂腺上皮瘤)是具有皮脂腺分化特徵的罕见表皮附属器肿瘤。
6 、How does ability reduce computer radiate to be harmed to
cutaneous
?───怎样才能减少电脑辐射对皮肤的伤害？
7 、The
cutaneous
electrogastrogram can reflect gastric contractions?───体表胃电活动能反映胃的收缩吗?
8 、We reported two cases of traumatic asphyxia following traffic accident that recovered without
cutaneous
or systemic sequelae.───我们报告两个因车祸导致的外伤性窒息的个案报告，经治疗后没有皮肤或全身性的后遗症。
9 、Operation was performed after the infection was controlled, using pedicled
cutaneous
flap and myo
cutaneous
flap to repair the defect.───感染控制后,应用带蒂皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复,并继续滴注引流,至感染消失。
10 、Reduce the intake of the carotene in food,
cutaneous
pigment but slowly subsidise.───减少食物中的胡萝卜素的摄入量，皮肤的色素可慢慢消退。
11 、Objective: To observe the curative effect of MEBO on treating
cutaneous
necrosis caused by siberian cocklebur fruit.───摘要目的：观察湿润烧伤膏治疗由中药苍耳子外用诱发的皮肤坏死的疗效。
12 、Sit before computer every day, be very big to
cutaneous
radiate?───天天坐在电脑前，对皮肤的辐射是不是很大？
13 、A 13-year-old male farmer suffered from
cutaneous
and na il phaeohyphomycosis for five years is reported in this paper.───报告一例由球毛壳菌所致的皮肤和甲暗色丝孢霉病。
14 、How to enhance
cutaneous
immunity power?───如何提高皮肤的免疫力？
15 、A case of localized linear discoid lupus erythematosus with
cutaneous
calcinosis is reported.───报告1例线状盘状**伴皮肤钙沉着症。患者女,36岁。
16 、Studies have demonstrated that psychological factors regulate keratinocyte proliferation and
cutaneous
immunity.───基础研究显示，精神因素对角质形成细胞的增生和皮肤的免疫有调节作用。
17 、Pleura is the most invaded site by extrapulmonary tuberculosis, among which
cutaneous
tuberculosis is only less than one percent.───台湾肺外结核侵犯的位置以肋膜最为常见，而皮肤结核约占肺外结核不到百分之一。
18 、Discrete, annular, scaly, erythematous patches and plaques at photo-exposed areas are typical
cutaneous
lesions of neonatal lupus erythematosus.───它是一种可以影响到胎儿全身许多器官及系统的疾病。
19 、Pyoderma gangrenosum(PG)is an uncommon, ulcerative,
cutaneous
disorder with distinctive clinical characteristics.───摘要坏疽性脓皮病是一个少见、化脓性、有独特临床表徵的皮肤疾病。
20 、How can you enhance
cutaneous
immunity power?───怎么样可以增强皮肤的免疫力？
21 、Among them two kinds of composition are had allegedly good mix glossily repair
cutaneous
effect, and conduce to maintain
cutaneous
humidity balance.───其中有两种成分据说具有良好的光滑和修复皮肤的功效,并且有助于保持皮肤的湿度平衡。
22 、Affect
cutaneous
to is computer much meeting?───对得电脑多会影响皮肤的吗？
23 、Does the woman stay up late to give
cutaneous
leucocyte very easily kill?───女人熬夜是不是很容易把皮肤的白细胞给杀死？
24 、How to reduce
cutaneous
grease to secrete! !───如何减少皮肤的油脂分泌！！
25 、Mutational activation of the BRAF oncogene is the most common genetic alteration in
cutaneous
melanoma.───BRAF癌基因突变的激活是皮肤黑色素瘤最常见的基因改变。
26 、Because of inside contained part conduces to bate
cutaneous
surface layer, cell of eliminate skin death, furrow also was eliminated subsequently.───因里面含有的成分有助于软化皮肤的表层，除去表皮死亡细胞，皱纹也就随之消除了。
27 、Look from the exterior,
cutaneous
surface just has sunken have dash forward, like furrow.───从外观看起来，皮肤的表面才有凹有突，像皱纹一样。
28 、How can you reduce computer to be opposite
cutaneous
radiate ah?───怎样可以减少电脑对皮肤的辐射啊？
29 、Contains sepecial aloe that moisten the skin.It normalizes the
cutaneous
moisture level.───强效保湿与润泽肌肤,消炎,平衡肌肤保湿度,能让皮肤光滑水嫩.
30 、The results resembled that of
cutaneous
lesions.───上述结果与银屑病皮损相似。
31 、Objective To investigate the repair of forefoot
cutaneous
defect with retrograde foot vascularized flap.───摘要目的探讨足逆行血管蒂皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损的效果。
32 、How either does left
cutaneous
skin do left skin / ?───怎么把不是左侧皮肤的皮肤弄成左侧皮肤/？
33 、What food to eat to you can reduce pair of
cutaneous
stimulation?───吃什么食物可以减少对皮肤的刺激?
34 、How to reduce computer to be opposite
cutaneous
radiate?───怎样减少电脑对皮肤的辐射?
35 、How to prevent computer radiate to be harmed to
cutaneous
?───如何防止电脑辐射对皮肤的伤害？
36 、We can connect the distal end of the pudendal nerve to the branch of the femoral
cutaneous
nerve from her inner thigh.─── 我们可以把*神经的末端 接到她大腿内侧的股皮神经分支
37 、Also, many studies were not designed to search for
cutaneous
or ocular effects, or may hae been too short to detect these effects.───同时，许多的研究没有计划研究皮肤和眼部的影响，或者是时间太短不能监测这些影响。
38 、Interferon is a relatively effective agent in treatment of
cutaneous
T cell lymphoma, especially in early stage.───摘要干扰素在治疗表皮T细胞淋巴瘤，特别是早期，为一有效之药物。
39 、The color of factitious what
cutaneous
on the world is abhorrent?───世界上的人为什么皮肤的颜色都不一致？
40 、Otherwise, the photoptic process is formed on the cutting edge of a layer of white cutan, lnfluence a gelatinize.───否则，感平胶潮湿后，会在刃口上不神成一层不白色的胶膜，感化下一不主涂胶。
41 、Topical antifungal therapy is sufficient unless systemic candidiasis is present.Prognosis for congenital
cutaneous
candidiasis is good.───如无全身性黴菌的感染，只需给予局部抗黴菌药物涂抹，症状即改善并痊愈，其预后相当好。
42 、Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease with clonality:A
cutaneous
T-cell lymphoma entity?───具克隆性的发热性溃疡坏死性穆-哈病:一种皮肤实质性T细胞淋巴瘤?
43 、This response ranges from mild
cutaneous
reactions, such as pruritus and urticaria, to life threatening cardioascular collapse.───反应包括较轻的皮肤反应如瘙痒和荨麻疹，严重者则危及生命，如心血管性虚脱。
44 、Among the 3158 patients aged 1 to 19 years, 96.3% of had
cutaneous
melanoma, 3.0% had ocular melanoma, and 0.7% had an unknown primary site.───3158名年龄在1到19岁的患者中，96.3%的患皮肤黑素瘤，3.0%患眼部黑素瘤，0.7%的原发部位不详。
45 、Must not discharge is over makeup not back-to-back still move washs a face, and increase excitant composition to hurt
cutaneous
chance.───如果是含油脂比例较高的卸妆油、卸妆霜或卸妆乳，可再用洗面产品再洗一次脸，尤其是油性皮肤或长青春痘的人，可以避免多余油脂残留脸上阻塞毛孔。
46 、In the New York case made public yesterday the bacterium entered the skin and is known as
cutaneous
anthrax, which is far less dangerous.───在昨天公布的发生在纽约的病例中，病菌侵入了皮肤组织，称为皮肤传染型炭疽病，并不十分凶险。
47 、Clinically, PV presents with mucosal, muco
cutaneous
, or
cutaneous
lesions whereas PF lesions are primarily
cutaneous
.───临床上，寻常性天疱疮可以黏膜病灶、黏膜皮肤病灶或皮肤病灶来表现，而落叶型天疱疮则以皮肤病灶为主。
48 、To report a case of
cutaneous
hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium solani.───报告1例茄病镰刀霉引起的皮肤透明丝孢霉病。
49 、How can you reduce computer radiate to be harmed to
cutaneous
?───怎样可以减少电脑辐射对皮肤的伤害?
50 、My skin is very good, but because summer likes to go out, blackened, what to have to use do not hurt
cutaneous
masked article?───我的皮肤很好的,但由于夏天喜欢出去走,变黑了,有没有什么用了不伤皮肤的化装品?
51 、How does summer let make the skin retains
cutaneous
moisture?───夏天如何让使皮肤保持皮肤的水分？
52 、How to reduce computer radiate to be harmed to
cutaneous
?───怎么减少电脑辐射对皮肤的伤害？
53 、Several terms, such as
cutaneous
collision tumor,
cutaneous
mixed tumor and biphasic sarcomatoid carcinoma have been described.───其他如皮肤碰撞性或混合性肿瘤或是双相性类肉瘤性癌都曾被提出来描述此类肿瘤。
54 、How to increase
cutaneous
strength?───如何提高皮肤的抵抗力？
55 、Here is reported a case of generalized
cutaneous
mastocytosis treated with tranilast.───报告曲尼司特治愈泛发性肥大细胞增生病1例。患儿男,6岁。
56 、I was able to vaccinate each one of you
cutaneous
ly.─── 我给你们每个人 都注射了疫苗
57 、Hill says, everybody can abstain rice wine to protect skin to taste according to him
cutaneous
condition.───小山介绍说，大家可以按照自己皮肤的状态自制米酒护肤品。
58 、The Chinese herb Bletilla striata has been used to treatment of peptic ulcer and
cutaneous
wound in clinic.───所以在本实验中选择白芨为主要药物，探讨白芨对深层皮肤损伤愈合的作用。
59 、How can you reduce computer to be opposite
cutaneous
radiate?───怎么样可以减少电脑对皮肤的辐射?
60 、Cutaneous examination reealed a diffuse, macular, erythematous rash that inoled the back, arms, and legs but spared the hands and feet.───弥漫的红斑状的皮疹分布在背部，手臂和腿部，但手部和足部未见。
61 、Cutis marmorata telangiectatica con genita is an uncommon, congenital
cutaneous
lesion.───摘要先天性毛细血管扩张大理石状皮肤是种罕见的先天性皮肤病兆。
62 、Results There was no
cutaneous
anaphylaxis of Andoful and no pigmenting of s...───1%安多福杀菌效果好、对皮肤无着色、无刺激、无致敏、价格便宜、使用方便,是理想的皮试皮肤消毒剂。
63 、Keegan can experience her itch without
cutaneous
nerves.─── 基根不用皮肤神经就能感到痒
64 、A noninvasive method of measuring the blood flow rate in the
cutaneous
tissue by the thermal diffusion between the skin and a metal is described.───介绍了一种利用人体皮肤和接触导体的热传递来无创测量局部皮肤组织中血液流速的方法。
65 、If it provides relief, it would suggest that the problem might lie in your
cutaneous
nerve endings.─── 如果有改善 就说明问题可能出在你的皮肤神经末梢上
66 、At inflammation, not expedite blood is blocked up in
cutaneous
blood capillary, meet color of skin is inhomogenous.───于发炎，不畅通的血堵在皮肤的毛细血管里，就会肤色不均匀。
67 、If have harm
cutaneous
action, this how repair. Be like: Sleep late. Have hot pepper. . . .───如果有伤害皮肤的行为，该怎样修复。如：晚睡觉。吃辣子。。。。
68 、As you well know, hes not in pain because his
cutaneous
nerves have been destroyed by the burn.─── 你很清楚 他没有感觉到疼痛 是因为他的皮神经已经全部被烧毁了
69 、It has three forms: inhalational, gastrointestional and
cutaneous
.───它有三种类别：吸入性、肠道性及皮肤性。
70 、A case of multiple
cutaneous
schwannomas;schwannomatosis or neurofibromatosis type 2?───1例多发性皮肤神经鞘瘤患者:神经鞘瘤病抑或2型神经纤维瘤?
71 、Visible, how many of the thickness that difference of
cutaneous
of male and female basically depends on corneous layer and leather fat.───可见，男女皮肤的差别主要在于角质层的厚薄与皮脂的多少。
72 、Chasseaud and Moore studied the absorption of MPS in rats after
cutaneous
application of MPS cream containing 40,000 U/100 g.───Chasseaud和Moore研究了MPS(多磺酸粘多糖)涂抹于大鼠皮肤后的吸收情况，所用的乳膏浓度为每100g含40,000U多磺酸粘多糖。
73 、By use of perineurial recording technique in
cutaneous
pectoris of frog, weobserved the effects of TSN on calcium currents in motor nerve terminals.───利用神经周膜下记录方法. 在青蛙胸皮肌标本上观察了TSN 对运动神经末梢钙电流的影响.
74 、Subacute
cutaneous
lupus erythematosus: A paraneoplastic dermatosis?───亚急性皮肤型**:副肿瘤性皮肤病?
75 、Well, for whatever reason, the
cutaneous
nerves in that part of her scalp went haywire.─── 不管因为什么原因 她头皮那块区域的皮神经失控了
76 、How can ability reduce computer radiate effectively to be harmed to
cutaneous
?───怎样才可以有效的减少电脑辐射对皮肤的伤害？
77 、But as years elapse, seasonal transformation, of air humidity reduce can damage
cutaneous
quality of a material etc.───但随着岁月的流逝、季节的转变，空气湿度的降低等等都会损害皮肤的质地。
78 、A case of
cutaneous
chromomycosis caused by Fonsecaea-Pedrosoi misdiagnosed as tuberculosis verrucosa cutis was reported.───报告裴氏瓶霉致皮肤着色真菌病误诊为疣状皮肤结核1例。
79 、Defend wet filling water, enhance
cutaneous
constituent toughness and tonal, the occurrence that reduces microgroove and prevent the skin flabby.───保湿补水，增强皮肤的组织韧度和色调，减少细纹的出现和防止皮肤松弛。
80 、Leishmaniasis is spread by the sandfly, and in the dog as well as human has both
cutaneous
and visceral forms.───利什曼病是由白蛉传播的人犬共患病，疾病影响皮肤和内脏。
81 、How the black head on purify nose? Go to the lavatory not to harm
cutaneous
again namely?───怎么去除鼻子上的黑头？即方便又不伤害皮肤的？
82 、For its diagnosis, the exclusion of SCC of local
cutaneous
structures and metastasis of distant squamous carcinoma are mandatory.───对于此肿瘤的诊断，排除局部皮肤结构、排除远处鳞癌转移时必须的。
83 、Nurse
cutaneous
method! Be urgent!───护理皮肤的方法!急!
84 、How to avoid computer radiate to be affected to
cutaneous
?───怎么避免电脑辐射对皮肤的影响？
85 、The drug may cause histamine release, which may cause
cutaneous
flushing and een bronchospasm and hypotension in some patients.───它可以引起组胺释放，导致有些病人皮肤潮红，甚至支气管痉挛和低血压发生。
86 、Had has to oily
cutaneous
the person bathed with bath dew or bathed with soap? ? ?───对于油性皮肤的人用沐浴露洗澡好还是用肥皂洗澡好？？？
手术前自己“洗一洗”切口部位，就能降低手术后感染的发生率吗？
骨科的很多手术都比较大型，而且大部分手术都存在内植物放进人体体内的过程。只要是手术，存在手术切口手术后就有潜在发生感染的风险，这就跟坐飞机一样，发生的概率很低，但一旦出现就是灾难性的。
手术前黑锅经常用上面坐飞机的例子来给病人跟家属举例讲解，以求他们能够意识到术后感染的可怕！但事实上，关节置换术后感染的概率要比坐飞机出事的概率要高得多！
东西脏了不能吃，容易拉肚子！那么准备切口的皮肤脏了容易感染，手术前“洗一洗”自己切口的部位，是不是能够降低手术后感染的发生率呢？
这就提出了这篇科普围绕的一个话题：
到底骨科手术之前，进行的术前皮肤清洗，是不是会降低手术后手术部位感染及植入物周围感染的风险呢？
答案是肯定的！
上面这篇权威杂志的最新文献指出：骨科手术前进行的术前皮肤清洁，确实有助于减少随后的手术部位感染（SSIs）和假体周围关节感染（PJIs）的发生率！
具体来说，葡萄糖酸氯己定（CHG，也就是医学上常用的“洗必泰”）已被证明在预防PJIs/SSIs方面有很好的效果。
1、美国疾病控制中心（Centers for Disease Control）指出：术前使用抗菌剂进行皮肤清洁，可大大减少皮肤微生物的数量1。
很多人可能会说，那么我手术前就用水多洗洗，用点肥皂，用点沐浴露，应该也能达到消毒的效果吧？
其实不是！术前皮肤清洁可使用多种药剂进行，而不只是单纯的用水来洗，因为用水来洗的话，效果没那么好！来看看数据：
一项纳入700多名患者的前瞻性研究发现2：使用洗必泰洗澡和擦洗的患者，手术中伤口微生物培养**率为4%，使用聚维酮碘（另外一种消毒液）的患者为9%，使用肥皂和水洗澡的发生率高达14%......可见单纯用水，肥皂甚至沐浴露，效果还是不可靠呀！
2、培养出微生物那也只是一个概率问题呀，真的对于减少手术后切口感染及骨科植入物周围感染的风险有效果吗？
对于这个问题，国内外也做过很多研究，结果众说纷纭，有的有效，有的没效，但貌似没有说会增加的......下面选取了病例数最多的几篇研究给大家看看，毕竟是要靠数字说话的嘛！
2016年，老外的一篇研究，纳入了3717例接受初次膝关节置换和翻修手术（第2次关节置换手术）的病人，研究结果发现：与未接受洗必泰术前清洗方案的患者相比，入院前使用洗必泰方案的患者，膝关节置换术后PJIs的相对风险明显降低！（0.3% vs. 1.9%，将近7倍）3。
另外有人对国外Cochrane数据库中的10,000多名患者进行了系统的回顾，他们也得出结论：手术前使用洗必泰清洗，总比不洗澡好......然而，这似乎没有改变感染的发生率4！
文献众说纷纭，有些文献说骨科手术前进行皮肤清洁对减少手术部位感染和骨科植入物手术后周围感染有明确的作用，有些文献又说影响不大！这个到底要怎么选择呢？
要知道，目前没有任何关于术前进行皮肤清洗有负面影响的文献报道；同时，使用洗必泰消毒引起的皮肤过敏也非常少。那么，这利大于弊的事，为啥不做呢？
3、既然选择手术前好好“洗一洗”手术部位了，那么应该怎么洗，洗多久才比较合适呢？
还是上面的那一篇文献为例来说，毕竟人家纳入的研究数有3,717例，而且得出来的结果是：用洗必泰清洗比不清洗有助于减低术后感染风险3。
通过筛选，这篇文章最初确定了3842例患者，这些患者均是在2007年至2013年期间在同一家医院，由4名相同的骨科医生手术，先后接受了关节置换手术（初次置换或者翻修手术）。
其中，排除了125名在术后1年随访中死亡的患者，最终共获得3717例研究数，样本量大可以说很有说服力了！
根据各个病人的医疗记录，对所有病人进行再入院或医院就诊的监测，以及时发现手术后感染的迹象。如果随访的过程中发现有感染的迹象，则根据临床上常见的诊断感染的诊断学方法、实验室检查等临床数据，以确定是否存在感染。
具体清洗方法：
术前准备很多块订制的含有12%洗必泰的用于擦洗的布（Sage Products, LLC, Cary, IL, USA 美国制造），每块布包含有500毫克葡萄糖酸氯己定（洗必泰）。手术前叮嘱患者不要洗澡，如果病人洗澡了，则要等2个小时之后再使用这些布，因为洗澡会干扰试验的真实性。
病人要在手术前一天晚上用6块布，其余的6块在手术当天手术前使用。具体擦拭的6个部位如下：
①脖子，胸口和肚子；
②背部；
③上肢；
④左下肢；
⑤右下肢；
⑥手术部位；
在这种擦洗过后，叮嘱患者不要洗澡或者使用任何外用药物自行消毒！
结果得出来的结论就是：术前使用洗必泰布消毒方案可降低膝关节置换手术后植入物周围感染的相对风险！
所以，如果手术前真的要洗澡，洗身体，就按照这种方案，这6个部位，好好使用洗必泰溶液洗一洗吧！
最后，附上一张“洗必泰”的说明书，希望大家在做关节置换跟其他放置骨科植入物之前，都可以给自己洗一洗！
参考文献
1、Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC) hospital infection control practices advisory committee. Am J Infect Control 1999;27:97e132. quiz 133-134; discussion 96.
2、Garibaldi RA. Prevention of intraoperative wound contamination with chlorhexidine shower and scrub. J Hosp Infect 1988;11(Suppl B):5e9.
3、Kapadia BH, Zhou PL, Jauregui **, Mont MA. Does preadmission cutaneous chlorhexidine preparation reduce surgical site infections after total knee arthroplasty? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016;474:1592e8.
4、Webster J, Osborne S. Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015: CD004985.
好了，今天的科普就到这，如果你有什么意见或者建议，欢迎在评论区给黑锅留言~写文不易，快快收藏转发给需要的那个TA吧！#小黑锅说科普##清风计划##头条辟谣#
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